Thomas Hardy (1840–1928), "Jude The Obscure" "The Man He Killed" by Thomas Hardy 1902. THE RETURN OF THE NATIVE (1878)

The London Library

#ThomasHardy's #JudeTheObscure was first published #onthisday1895. Our first copy reached the shelves three months later.
Still there!

2004「我睡前讀一下Thomas Hardy『無名的裘德』（Jude The Obscure），張谷若譯，人民文學，2004……我對於『無名的裘德』的「引詩之翻譯」和譯注很佩服：展現翻譯者對於希臘文、拉丁文了解，又對於英國的許多文化知識（『聖經』及其『諸外書』、《羅馬帝國衰亡史》不朽的第15章……）和對於牛津大學的人文地理（Christminster）的深入了解。……」

張谷若先生翻譯很用心，不過也有些可以討論的。譬如說，第一段的a cottage piano 翻譯成「豎形小鋼琴」，很好（其實，後文老師回來取它時稱它為pianoforte，1710年之語，意即能發出強音和弱音的羽管鍵琴【At this date Mr. Phillotson sent for his pianoforte, and it gave Jude a lead.】，又，The piano was dispatched…所以它與鋼琴同義）；不過，也有些辭，我們現在看起來比較「隔」，譬如說，the farm bailiff翻譯成「一個地里的監工」，不只the和 a 沒弄清楚，現在的人可能用「地主的管家」等較容易了解。（bailiff (LAND) noun [C] (in Britain) a person whose job is to take care of someone else's land or property），又，「地里幹活」……。 

這是老式翻譯本之印刷方式，即，整本書（含譯注）絕少附原文，所以習慣翻譯不同會弄不清楚，譬如說，His childish idea was, in fact, a pushing to the extremity of mathematical precision what is everywhere known as Grimm's Law -- an aggrandizement of rough rules to ideal completeness.其中的Grimm's Law 翻譯成「格力姆定律」（1785-63），我們可能習慣稱之為「格林姆定律」。


第四節：Jude then dropped behind, waited a few minutes to recover breath, and went home with a consciousness of having struck a blow for Christminster. 對基督寺已經開了第一砲的感覺—這是直譯，或許是「有點譜了！」（strike a blow for sth 為to do something which supports or defends something:） 

我再引第一部「在瑪麗格倫」（AT MARYGREEN）第一節最後處，離校的老師向11歲的主角說的話和之後的翻譯和注解：
"I shan't forget you, Jude," he said, smiling, as the cart moved off. "Be a good boy, remember; and be kind to animals and birds, and read all you can. And if ever you come to Christminster remember you hunt me out for old acquaintance' sake." 
The cart creaked across the green, and disappeared round the corner by the rectory-house. The boy returned to thedraw-well at the edge of the greensward, where he had left his buckets when he went to help his patron and teacher in the loading. 
「你要是萬一有上基督寺*的那一天，那你看在老朋友的面上，千萬可要找我去。別忘啦。」
大車噶吱噶吱地從青草地**上走過去，到了教區長*的住宅那兒，一拐彎兒就再看不見了。……

*表示前文都有譯注。
**英國村莊裡面或旁邊，都有一片青草的空地，屬於公眾，村莊或以為名。「瑪麗格倫」一名中的「格倫」，即青草地之意。

HC小評：「大車噶吱噶吱地從青草地……」「噶吱噶吱地」很妙，不過，「大車」與起頭第一段的「小車」，「相映成趣」。 
THE schoolmaster was leaving the village, and everybody seemed sorry. The miller at Cresscombe lent him thesmall white tilted cart 帶白蓬的小車and horse to carry his goods to the city of his destination, about twenty miles off, such a vehicle proving of quite sufficient size for the departing teacher's effects. For the schoolhouse had been partly furnished by the managers, and the only cumbersome article possessed by the master, in addition to thepacking-case of books, was 
******
『名與義是不一定相應的；知道這，就破除以名為實的執著。(印順導師<<成佛之道>> p.334)』
【hc：古訓「望文生義」；一代有一代之文；一代有一代之治；一代有一代之生活……】

無名的裘德（Jude The Obscure） / (英)哈代 人民文學出版社 1989 534頁3.哈代選集 還鄉（The Return of the Native）人民文學出版社 1968年版 注：網上漢譯全文是王守仁譯本

前幾天，看見書店賣大陸翻印的Jude the Obscure （The world's classics. Edited by Patricia Ingham. (Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1985) ），就買了下來，因為它有手頭Thomas Hardy『無名的裘德』（Jude The Obscure，張谷若譯，北京人民文學，2004）所沒有的詳細地圖（不知張谷若譯本為什麼它不附上）、英文導言和注解（這方面張谷若譯本更詳細，不過牛津大學版本很重視版本的對校，這是張谷若譯本缺的）。后來，我到Hardy的協會，發現近數十年才是研究Hardy的熱門時期，如隔幾年就有一新的版本和傳記推出。 

我讀些小說，發現張谷若譯本有些了不起的地方，不過也難免有些小缺點。

用譯注說明暫時找不到出處—這到現在還沒解。


She was not there now, and `the embroidery of imagination upon the stuff of nature' so depicted her past presence that a void was in his heart which nothing could fill. A pollard willow stood close to the place, and that willow was different ... Chapter Chapter 7 of Jude the Obscure by Thomas Hardy 
文中`the embroidery of imagination upon the stuff of nature' 這小段，哈代用引號，翻譯成「強烈的想像在原來的素底子增加了彩繡」--不過翻譯者說明出處不清楚。

幾十年之後還有一為學界的人提出同樣的問題，也還沒解。
Date: Tue, 22 Apr 1997 10:21:01 -0400 (EDT)
From: TAYLOR@bcvms.bc.edu
Subject: Embroidery of imagination
In Jude the Obscure, Thomas Hardy quotes the phrase, "embroidery of imagination
upon the stuff of nature". Does anyone know the source of this phrase? 
Thanks
D.Taylor
taylor@bc.edu
上句中我學新字：發現pollard是英法同義（不知poll是否也是如此），供參考。


The beauty or ugliness of a character lay not only in its achievements, but in its aims and impulses; its true history lay, not among things done, but among things willed.
--from TESS OF THE D'UBERVILLES

Tess of the d'Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy: Part 6 Chapter 49 ...

www.literaturepage.com/read/tess-of-the-durbervilles-377.html

The beauty or ugliness of a character lay not only in its achievements, but in its aims and impulses; its true history lay, not among things done, but among things ...

Thomas Hardy 的家族提過caul這回事，他將它寫在Return of the Native (Book iii chapter 7)。我抄張谷若先生的譯本供參考：

Fairway, Sam, and another placed their shillings on the table, and the man turned to Christian.

"No, sir," said Christian, drawing back, with a quick gaze of misgiving. "I am only a poor chap come to look on, an it please ye, sir. I don't so much as know how you do it. If so be I was sure of getting it I would put down the shilling; but I couldn't otherwise."

"I think you might almost be sure," said the pedlar. "In fact, now I look into your face, even if I can't say you are sure to win, I can say that I never saw anything look more like winning in my life."

"You'll anyhow have the same chance as the rest of us," said Sam.

"And the extra luck of being the last comer," said another. 「不但有同樣的機會，還格外有最後來的好運氣那，」【後來的好運氣：英國諺語：「最後的有運氣，髒土裡撿便士。」

hc案：還找不到原文；義大利說法：The last comer shuts the door. Source: (Italian). The later comer is ill lodged.Source: (Italian).】。

"And I was born wi' a caul, and perhaps can be no more ruined than drowned?" Christian added, beginning to give way.「俺是.戴著白帽子下生的，水裡淹不死俺，大約別的法子也毀不了俺吧？」克瑞開始心活起來，補充了一句話。

Are you enjoying yourself at the moment? Please stop.

Hardy, Thomas 

Pronunciation: /ˈhɑːdi/ 

(1840–1928), English novelist and poet. Much of his work deals with the struggle against the indifferent force that inflicts the sufferings and ironies of life. Notable novels: The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886), Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891), and Jude the Obscure (1896).

"Jude The Obscure"—the last of Thomas Hardy's novels—includes probably the most painful scene in literature. One biography argues, however, that it is Hardy's poetry, not his fiction, that was his finest work. The writer was born on June 2nd 1840

Thomas Hardy: a skilled explorer of attachment and alienation, guilt and loss

Thomas Hardy was born on this day in 1840

ECON.ST

"The Man He Killed" by Thomas Hardy

Had he and I but met
By some old ancient inn,
We should have set us down to wet
Right many a nipperkin!

But ranged as infantry,
And staring face to face,
I shot at him as he at me,
And killed him in his place.

I shot him dead because--
Because he was my foe,
Just so: my foe of course he was;
That's clear enough; although

He thought he'd 'list, perhaps,
Off-hand like--just as I--
Was out of work--had sold his traps--
No other reason why.

Yes; quaint and curious war is!
You shoot a fellow down
You'd treat, if met where any bar is,
Or help to half a crown.

幫助讀者直接閱讀英詩的書，都值得推薦。

書名	哈代詩選
作者	Thomas Hardy, 李盈
出版者	遠東圖書公司發行, 1967
頁數	234 頁

"The Man He Killed" 這首的註解，在第184頁。




“Why is it that a woman can see from a distance what a man cannot see close?”
―from THE RETURN OF THE NATIVE (1878) by Thomas Hardy

"On Carpaccio's Picture: The Dream of St. Ursula" (1912) by Amy Lowell 1874~1925

Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Amy Lawrence Lowell died in Brookline, Massachusetts on this day in 1925 (aged 51).

"On Carpaccio's Picture: The Dream of St. Ursula" (1912) by Amy Lowell

Swept, clean, and still, across the polished floor
From some unshuttered casement, hid from sight,
The level sunshine slants, its greater light
Quenching the little lamp which pallid, poor,
Flickering, unreplenished, at the door
Has striven against darkness the long night.
Dawn fills the room, and penetrating, bright,
The silent sunbeams through the window pour.
And she lies sleeping, ignorant of Fate,
Enmeshed in listless dreams, her soul not yet
Ripened to bear the purport of this day.
The morning breeze scarce stirs the coverlet,
A shadow falls across the sunlight; wait!
A lark is singing as he flies away.

エイミー・ローレンス・ローウェル（Amy Lawrence Lowell, 1874年2月9日 - 1925年5月12日）は、アメリカ合衆国のイマジズム詩人（Imagism）。死後の1926年にピューリッツァー賞 詩部門を受賞した。

生涯[編集]

エイミー・ローウェルは、マサチューセッツ州ブルックライン (Brookline) の著名な一家、ローウェル家(Lowell family) に生まれた。兄のパーシヴァル・ローウェルは冥王星の存在を予測した有名な天文学者、もう1人の兄アボット・ローレンス・ローウェル (Abbott Lawrence Lowell) はハーバード大学学長を勤めた。^[1]

エイミーは大学に行かなかった。一家がそれは女性には相応しくないと考えたからだった。エイミーは貪るように本を読むことでそれを補ったが、それは強迫観念に近い本の収集に至った。エイミーは社交界の名士として暮らし、あちこちに旅行した。ヨーロッパで女優エレオノーラ・ドゥーゼの演技に霊感を受けた1902年、エイミーは詩作に転じた。はじめて詩が世に出たのは、1910年の『アトランティック・マンスリー』 (The Atlantic Monthly) 誌で、その2年後の1912年、処女詩集『A Dome of Many-Coloured Glass』が出版された。

エイミー・ローウェルはレズビアンと言われ、1912年には女優のエイダ・ドワイヤー・ラッセル（Ada Dwyer Russell、1863年 - 1952年）と恋人の噂を立てられた。ラッセルはローウェルのパトロンで、ローウェルのエロティックな作品はラッセルが対象だと言われている。二人は連れだってイングランドに旅し、そこでローウェルはエズラ・パウンドと会った。パウンドはたちまちローウェルに強い影響を与え、またローウェルの作品の主要な批評家となった。ローウェルとレズビアンで有名な作家メルセデス・デ・アコスタ (Mercedes de Acosta) との関係については、二人が知り合いだったという唯一の証拠は、結局行われることのなかったドゥーゼの記念祭について二人の間で交わされた短い文通のみである。

ローウェルは印象的な人物で、髪は束髪に結って、鼻メガネをかけ、紙巻きたばこより長くもつからと言って葉巻きたばこを絶えず喫っていた。腺の問題がローウェルをずっと肥らせていた、と詩人のウィッター・ビナー（Witter Bynner）が言ったことを、エズラ・パウンドは無慈悲なコメントで繰り返した。しかし、パウンドがローウェルを「hippopoetess（カバ詩人女）」と言ったとされるのは誤解である。もっともパウンドたちはローウェルをイマジストとは考えず、イマジスト詩の出版を金銭的に手助けしてくれることのできる、ただの金持ち女だと思っていたようである。しかし、そのイマジスム詩もパウンドがヴォーティシズムに「亡命」してからは衰退していった。ともかく、ローウェルは詩の自由詩方法の初期の支持者であった。

また、日本の俳句・浮世絵などにも興味を抱いており、1919年に発行された『Pictures of the Floating World』では、それがよく表れている^[2]。

ローウェルは1925年、51歳で脳出血で亡くなった。翌年、ローウェルは『What's O'Clock』でピューリッツァー賞 詩部門を受賞した。長い間忘れられていたが、再び関心が集まったのは、一部はレズビアンにスポットが当たったせいもあるが、それだけではなく、たとえば『The Green Bowl』、『The Red Lacquer Music Stand』、『Patterns』のような、生命のないオブジェに命を吹き込むローウェルの驚嘆すべき才能が評価されたからであろう。

ローウェルの書いたものの中には、フランス文学評論やジョン・キーツの伝記などがある。ローウェルのキーツに対する盲目的崇拝は記録に多く残っている。

読書案内[編集]

• 大西直樹・編『Amy Lowell, complete poetical works and selected writings』6巻 （京都、Eureka Press）ISBN 978-4-902454-29-1

1. 
   http://www.aplink.co.jp/ep/4-902454-29-7.html
   
   ^ “Chosön, the Land of the Morning Calm; a Sketch of Korea”. World Digital Library. 2013年4月30日閲覧。
2. ^ 佐瀬 順夫『要説アメリカ文学史』英宝社、1986年、139頁。ISBN 4269520205。

外部リンク[編集]

Works by Amy Lowell at Project Gutenberg
Poems by Amy Lowell An extensive collection of Lowell's poetry.

*

"At The Cafe Door" "One of Their Gods" by C P Cavafy

Everyman's Library

Poet Constantine Peter Cavafy was born in Alexandria, Egypt on this day in 1863.

"At The Cafe Door" by C.P. Cavafy

Something they said beside me
made me look toward the cafe door,
and I saw that lovely body which seemed
as though Eros in his mastery had fashioned it,
joyfully shaping its well-formed limbs,
moulding its tall build,
shaping its face tenderly,
and leaving, with a touch of the fingers,
a particular impression on the brow, the eyes, the lips.

"One of Their Gods" by C P Cavafy

Whenever one of Them would cross Seleucia’s
marketplace, around the time that evening falls—
like some tall and flawlessly beautiful boy,
with the joy of incorruptibility in his eye,
with that dark and fragrant hair of his—
the passersby would stare at him
and one would ask another if he knew him,
and if he were a Syrian Greek, or foreign. But some,
who’d paid him more attention as they watched,
understood, and would make way.
And as he disappeared beneath the arcades,
among the shadows and the evening lights,
making his way to the neighborhood that comes alive
only at night—that life of revels and debauch,
of every known intoxication and lust—
they’d wonder which of Them he really was
and for which of his suspect diversions
he’d come down to walk Seleucia’s streets
from his Venerable, Sacrosanct Abode.

*

The Alexandrian Greek poet Constantine Cavafy (1863–1933) is a towering figure of twentieth-century literature. No modern poet brought so vividly to life the history and culture of Mediterranean antiquity; no writer dared break, with such taut energy, the taboos of his time surrounding homoerotic desire. In this edition, award-winning translator and editor Daniel Mendelsohn has made a selection of the poet’s best-loved works, including such favorites as “Waiting for the Barbarians,” “Ithaca,” and “The God Abandons Antony.” Accompanied by Mendelsohn’s explanatory notes, the poems collected here cover the vast sweep of Hellenic civilization, from the Trojan War through Cavafy’s own lifetime. Whether advising Odysseus as he returns home to Ithaca or portraying a doomed Marc Antony on the eve of his death, Cavafy’s poems make the historic profoundly and movingly personal. READ an excerpt from the preface here: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/…/cavafy-poems-by-c-p-c…/

How Shakespeare became Shakespeare

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Walt Whitman at 200: Still ‘Encompassing Multitudes’ After All These Years

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"Walt Whitman was not a grinning optimist. But he never withdrew his hope that America could be a thriving nation not only for some, but for all of its people."

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THEATLANTIC.COM

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Walt Whitman at 200: Still ‘Encompassing Multitudes’ After All These Years