2016年12月15日 星期四

T. S. Eliot's "The Waste Land"

On this day in 1922 T. S. Eliot's "The Waste Land," originally titled "He Do the Police in Different Voices," was published.

"The Waste Land"
FOR EZRA POUND
 IL MIGLIOR FABBRO

I. The Burial of the Dead
April is the cruellest month, breeding
Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing
Memory and desire, stirring
Dull roots with spring rain.
Winter kept us warm, covering
Earth in forgetful snow, feeding
A little life with dried tubers.
Summer surprised us, coming over the Starnbergersee
With a shower of rain; we stopped in the colonnade,
And went on in sunlight, into the Hofgarten,
And drank coffee, and talked for an hour.
Bin gar keine Russin, stamm’ aus Litauen, echt deutsch.
And when we were children, staying at the arch-duke’s,
My cousin’s, he took me out on a sled,
And I was frightened. He said, Marie,
Marie, hold on tight. And down we went.
In the mountains, there you feel free.
I read, much of the night, and go south in the winter.
What are the roots that clutch, what branches grow
Out of this stony rubbish? Son of man,
You cannot say, or guess, for you know only
A heap of broken images, where the sun beats,
And the dead tree gives no shelter, the cricket no relief,
And the dry stone no sound of water. Only
There is shadow under this red rock,
(Come in under the shadow of this red rock),
And I will show you something different from either
Your shadow at morning striding behind you
Or your shadow at evening rising to meet you;
I will show you fear in a handful of dust.
Frisch weht der Wind
Der Heimat zu
Mein Irisch Kind,
Wo weilest du?
“You gave me hyacinths first a year ago;
“They called me the hyacinth girl.”
—Yet when we came back, late, from the Hyacinth garden,
Your arms full, and your hair wet, I could not
Speak, and my eyes failed, I was neither
Living nor dead, and I knew nothing,
Looking into the heart of light, the silence.
Oed’ und leer das Meer.
Madame Sosostris, famous clairvoyante,
Had a bad cold, nevertheless
Is known to be the wisest woman in Europe,
With a wicked pack of cards. Here, said she,
Is your card, the drowned Phoenician Sailor,
(Those are pearls that were his eyes. Look!)
Here is Belladonna, the Lady of the Rocks,
The lady of situations.
Here is the man with three staves, and here the Wheel,
And here is the one-eyed merchant, and this card,
Which is blank, is something he carries on his back,
Which I am forbidden to see. I do not find
The Hanged Man. Fear death by water.
I see crowds of people, walking round in a ring.
Thank you. If you see dear Mrs. Equitone,
Tell her I bring the horoscope myself:
One must be so careful these days.
Unreal City,
Under the brown fog of a winter dawn,
A crowd flowed over London Bridge, so many,
I had not thought death had undone so many.
Sighs, short and infrequent, were exhaled,
And each man fixed his eyes before his feet.
Flowed up the hill and down King William Street,
To where Saint Mary Woolnoth kept the hours
With a dead sound on the final stroke of nine.
There I saw one I knew, and stopped him, crying: “Stetson!
“You who were with me in the ships at Mylae!
“That corpse you planted last year in your garden,
“Has it begun to sprout? Will it bloom this year?
“Or has the sudden frost disturbed its bed?
“Oh keep the Dog far hence, that’s friend to men,
“Or with his nails he’ll dig it up again!
“You! hypocrite lecteur!—mon semblable,—mon frère!”
II. A Game of Chess
The Chair she sat in, like a burnished throne,
Glowed on the marble, where the glass
Held up by standards wrought with fruited vines
From which a golden Cupidon peeped out
(Another hid his eyes behind his wing)
Doubled the flames of sevenbranched candelabra
Reflecting light upon the table as
The glitter of her jewels rose to meet it,
From satin cases poured in rich profusion;
In vials of ivory and coloured glass
Unstoppered, lurked her strange synthetic perfumes,
Unguent, powdered, or liquid—troubled, confused
And drowned the sense in odours; stirred by the air
That freshened from the window, these ascended
In fattening the prolonged candle-flames,
Flung their smoke into the laquearia,
Stirring the pattern on the coffered ceiling.
Huge sea-wood fed with copper
Burned green and orange, framed by the coloured stone,
In which sad light a carvéd dolphin swam.
Above the antique mantel was displayed
As though a window gave upon the sylvan scene
The change of Philomel, by the barbarous king
So rudely forced; yet there the nightingale
Filled all the desert with inviolable voice
And still she cried, and still the world pursues,
“Jug Jug” to dirty ears.
And other withered stumps of time
Were told upon the walls; staring forms
Leaned out, leaning, hushing the room enclosed.
Footsteps shuffled on the stair.
Under the firelight, under the brush, her hair
Spread out in fiery points
Glowed into words, then would be savagely still.
“My nerves are bad tonight. Yes, bad. Stay with me.
“Speak to me. Why do you never speak. Speak.
“What are you thinking of? What thinking? What?
“I never know what you are thinking. Think.”
I think we are in rats’ alley
Where the dead men lost their bones.
“What is that noise?”
The wind under the door.
“What is that noise now? What is the wind doing?”
Nothing again nothing.
“Do
“You know nothing? Do you see nothing? Do you remember
“Nothing?”
I remember
Those are pearls that were his eyes.
“Are you alive, or not? Is there nothing in your head?”
But
O O O O that Shakespeherian Rag—
It’s so elegant
So intelligent
“What shall I do now? What shall I do?”
“I shall rush out as I am, and walk the street
“With my hair down, so. What shall we do tomorrow?
“What shall we ever do?”
The hot water at ten.
And if it rains, a closed car at four.
And we shall play a game of chess,
Pressing lidless eyes and waiting for a knock upon the door.
When Lil’s husband got demobbed, I said—
I didn’t mince my words, I said to her myself,
HURRY UP PLEASE ITS TIME
Now Albert’s coming back, make yourself a bit smart.
He’ll want to know what you done with that money he gave you
To get yourself some teeth. He did, I was there.
You have them all out, Lil, and get a nice set,
He said, I swear, I can’t bear to look at you.
And no more can’t I, I said, and think of poor Albert,
He’s been in the army four years, he wants a good time,
And if you don’t give it him, there’s others will, I said.
Oh is there, she said. Something o’ that, I said.
Then I’ll know who to thank, she said, and give me a straight look.
HURRY UP PLEASE ITS TIME
If you don’t like it you can get on with it, I said.
Others can pick and choose if you can’t.
But if Albert makes off, it won’t be for lack of telling.
You ought to be ashamed, I said, to look so antique.
(And her only thirty-one.)
I can’t help it, she said, pulling a long face,
It’s them pills I took, to bring it off, she said.
(She’s had five already, and nearly died of young George.)
The chemist said it would be all right, but I’ve never been the same.
You are a proper fool, I said.
Well, if Albert won’t leave you alone, there it is, I said,
What you get married for if you don’t want children?
HURRY UP PLEASE ITS TIME
Well, that Sunday Albert was home, they had a hot gammon,
And they asked me in to dinner, to get the beauty of it hot—
HURRY UP PLEASE ITS TIME
HURRY UP PLEASE ITS TIME
Goonight Bill. Goonight Lou. Goonight May. Goonight.
Ta ta. Goonight. Goonight.
Good night, ladies, good night, sweet ladies, good night, good night.
III. The Fire Sermon
The river’s tent is broken: the last fingers of leaf
Clutch and sink into the wet bank. The wind
Crosses the brown land, unheard. The nymphs are departed.
Sweet Thames, run softly, till I end my song.
The river bears no empty bottles, sandwich papers,
Silk handkerchiefs, cardboard boxes, cigarette ends
Or other testimony of summer nights. The nymphs are departed.
And their friends, the loitering heirs of city directors;
Departed, have left no addresses.
By the waters of Leman I sat down and wept . . .
Sweet Thames, run softly till I end my song,
Sweet Thames, run softly, for I speak not loud or long.
But at my back in a cold blast I hear
The rattle of the bones, and chuckle spread from ear to ear.
A rat crept softly through the vegetation
Dragging its slimy belly on the bank
While I was fishing in the dull canal
On a winter evening round behind the gashouse
Musing upon the king my brother’s wreck
And on the king my father’s death before him.
White bodies naked on the low damp ground
And bones cast in a little low dry garret,
Rattled by the rat’s foot only, year to year.
But at my back from time to time I hear
The sound of horns and motors, which shall bring
Sweeney to Mrs. Porter in the spring.
O the moon shone bright on Mrs. Porter
And on her daughter
They wash their feet in soda water
Et O ces voix d’enfants, chantant dans la coupole!
Twit twit twit
Jug jug jug jug jug jug
So rudely forc’d.
Tereu
Unreal City
Under the brown fog of a winter noon
Mr. Eugenides, the Smyrna merchant
Unshaven, with a pocket full of currants
C.i.f. London: documents at sight,
Asked me in demotic French
To luncheon at the Cannon Street Hotel
Followed by a weekend at the Metropole.
At the violet hour, when the eyes and back
Turn upward from the desk, when the human engine waits
Like a taxi throbbing waiting,
I Tiresias, though blind, throbbing between two lives,
Old man with wrinkled female breasts, can see
At the violet hour, the evening hour that strives
Homeward, and brings the sailor home from sea,
The typist home at teatime, clears her breakfast, lights
Her stove, and lays out food in tins.
Out of the window perilously spread
Her drying combinations touched by the sun’s last rays,
On the divan are piled (at night her bed)
Stockings, slippers, camisoles, and stays.
I Tiresias, old man with wrinkled dugs
Perceived the scene, and foretold the rest—
I too awaited the expected guest.
He, the young man carbuncular, arrives,
A small house agent’s clerk, with one bold stare,
One of the low on whom assurance sits
As a silk hat on a Bradford millionaire.
The time is now propitious, as he guesses,
The meal is ended, she is bored and tired,
Endeavours to engage her in caresses
Which still are unreproved, if undesired.
Flushed and decided, he assaults at once;
Exploring hands encounter no defence;
His vanity requires no response,
And makes a welcome of indifference.
(And I Tiresias have foresuffered all
Enacted on this same divan or bed;
I who have sat by Thebes below the wall
And walked among the lowest of the dead.)
Bestows one final patronising kiss,
And gropes his way, finding the stairs unlit . . .
She turns and looks a moment in the glass,
Hardly aware of her departed lover;
Her brain allows one half-formed thought to pass:
“Well now that’s done: and I’m glad it’s over.”
When lovely woman stoops to folly and
Paces about her room again, alone,
She smoothes her hair with automatic hand,
And puts a record on the gramophone.
“This music crept by me upon the waters”
And along the Strand, up Queen Victoria Street.
O City city, I can sometimes hear
Beside a public bar in Lower Thames Street,
The pleasant whining of a mandoline
And a clatter and a chatter from within
Where fishmen lounge at noon: where the walls
Of Magnus Martyr hold
Inexplicable splendour of Ionian white and gold.
The river sweats
Oil and tar
The barges drift
With the turning tide
Red sails
Wide
To leeward, swing on the heavy spar.
The barges wash
Drifting logs
Down Greenwich reach
Past the Isle of Dogs.
Weialala leia
Wallala leialala
Elizabeth and Leicester
Beating oars
The stern was formed
A gilded shell
Red and gold
The brisk swell
Rippled both shores
Southwest wind
Carried down stream
The peal of bells
White towers
Weialala leia
Wallala leialala
“Trams and dusty trees.
Highbury bore me. Richmond and Kew
Undid me. By Richmond I raised my knees
Supine on the floor of a narrow canoe.”
“My feet are at Moorgate, and my heart
Under my feet. After the event
He wept. He promised a ‘new start.’
I made no comment. What should I resent?”
“On Margate Sands.
I can connect
Nothing with nothing.
The broken fingernails of dirty hands.
My people humble people who expect
Nothing.”
la la
To Carthage then I came
Burning burning burning burning
O Lord Thou pluckest me out
O Lord Thou pluckest
burning
IV. Death by Water
Phlebas the Phoenician, a fortnight dead,
Forgot the cry of gulls, and the deep sea swell
And the profit and loss.
A current under sea
Picked his bones in whispers. As he rose and fell
He passed the stages of his age and youth
Entering the whirlpool.
Gentile or Jew
O you who turn the wheel and look to windward,
Consider Phlebas, who was once handsome and tall as you.
V. What the Thunder Said
After the torchlight red on sweaty faces
After the frosty silence in the gardens
After the agony in stony places
The shouting and the crying
Prison and palace and reverberation
Of thunder of spring over distant mountains
He who was living is now dead
We who were living are now dying
With a little patience
Here is no water but only rock
Rock and no water and the sandy road
The road winding above among the mountains
Which are mountains of rock without water
If there were water we should stop and drink
Amongst the rock one cannot stop or think
Sweat is dry and feet are in the sand
If there were only water amongst the rock
Dead mountain mouth of carious teeth that cannot spit
Here one can neither stand nor lie nor sit
There is not even silence in the mountains
But dry sterile thunder without rain
There is not even solitude in the mountains
But red sullen faces sneer and snarl
From doors of mudcracked houses
If there were water
And no rock
If there were rock
And also water
And water
A spring
A pool among the rock
If there were the sound of water only
Not the cicada
And dry grass singing
But sound of water over a rock
Where the hermit-thrush sings in the pine trees
Drip drop drip drop drop drop drop
But there is no water
Who is the third who walks always beside you?
When I count, there are only you and I together
But when I look ahead up the white road
There is always another one walking beside you
Gliding wrapt in a brown mantle, hooded
I do not know whether a man or a woman
—But who is that on the other side of you?
What is that sound high in the air
Murmur of maternal lamentation
Who are those hooded hordes swarming
Over endless plains, stumbling in cracked earth
Ringed by the flat horizon only
What is the city over the mountains
Cracks and reforms and bursts in the violet air
Falling towers
Jerusalem Athens Alexandria
Vienna London
Unreal
A woman drew her long black hair out tight
And fiddled whisper music on those strings
And bats with baby faces in the violet light
Whistled, and beat their wings
And crawled head downward down a blackened wall
And upside down in air were towers
Tolling reminiscent bells, that kept the hours
And voices singing out of empty cisterns and exhausted wells.
In this decayed hole among the mountains
In the faint moonlight, the grass is singing
Over the tumbled graves, about the chapel
There is the empty chapel, only the wind’s home.
It has no windows, and the door swings,
Dry bones can harm no one.
Only a cock stood on the rooftree
Co co rico co co rico
In a flash of lightning. Then a damp gust
Bringing rain
Ganga was sunken, and the limp leaves
Waited for rain, while the black clouds
Gathered far distant, over Himavant.
The jungle crouched, humped in silence.
Then spoke the thunder
DA
Datta: what have we given?
My friend, blood shaking my heart
The awful daring of a moment’s surrender
Which an age of prudence can never retract
By this, and this only, we have existed
Which is not to be found in our obituaries
Or in memories draped by the beneficent spider
Or under seals broken by the lean solicitor
In our empty rooms
DA
Dayadhvam: I have heard the key
Turn in the door once and turn once only
We think of the key, each in his prison
Thinking of the key, each confirms a prison
Only at nightfall, aethereal rumours
Revive for a moment a broken Coriolanus
DA
Damyata: The boat responded
Gaily, to the hand expert with sail and oar
The sea was calm, your heart would have responded
Gaily, when invited, beating obedient
To controlling hands
I sat upon the shore
Fishing, with the arid plain behind me
Shall I at least set my lands in order?
London Bridge is falling down falling down falling down
Poi s’ascose nel foco che gli affina
Quando fiam uti chelidon—O swallow swallow
Le Prince d’Aquitaine à la tour abolie
These fragments I have shored against my ruins
Why then Ile fit you. Hieronymo’s mad againe.
Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata.
Shantih shantih shantih
*
T. S. Elliot (1888-1965) was the dominant force in twentieth-century British and American poetry. With poems such as “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,” he introduced an edgy, disenchanted, utterly contemporary version of French Symbolism to the English-speaking world. With his masterpiece “The Waste Land,” he almost single-handedly ushered an entire poetic culture into the modern world. And with his enormously influential essays he set the canonical standards to which writers and critics of poetry have adhered throughout our era. READ an excerpt here: http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/…/eliot-poems-by-ts-eliot/

2016年12月10日 星期六

Because I could not stop for Death. Dwelling in Possibility: 7 Awe-Inspiring Emily Dickinson Verses

為了17日的胡適紀念會。昨天拿出徐進夫翻譯的《禪天禪地》、《禪門公案密傳》。我跟曹永洋先生說,新潮文庫的孟祥森、徐進夫等人翻譯的禪的相關書籍十來本,很有參考價值。
曹先生談起了徐進夫,也說《死的況味》原是徐進夫邊的,曹永洋編本保留其5篇......他談起徐先生.....
我翻《死的況味》中徐先生翻譯一篇 (頁243-45) Because I could not stop for Death :

Text https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Because_I_could_not_stop_for_Death

Close transcription[2]First published version[3]


Because I could not stop for Death -
He kindly stopped for me -
The Carriage held but just Ourselves -
And Immortality.

We slowly drove - He knew no haste
And I had put away
My labor and my leisure too,
For His Civility -

We passed the School, where Children strove
At Recess - in the Ring -
We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain -
We passed the Setting Sun -

Or rather - He passed Us -
The Dews drew quivering and Chill -
For only Gossamer, my Gown -
My Tippet - only Tulle -

We paused before a House that seemed
A Swelling of the Ground -
The Roof was scarcely visible -
The Cornice - in the Ground -

Since then - 'tis Centuries - and yet
Feels shorter than the Day
I first surmised the Horses' Heads
Were toward Eternity -
THE CHARIOT

Because I could not stop for Death,
He kindly stopped for me;
The carriage held but just ourselves
And Immortality.

We slowly drove, he knew no haste,
And I had put away
My labor, and my leisure too,
For his civility.

We passed the school where children played,
Their lessons scarcely done;
We passed the fields of gazing grain,
We passed the setting sun.






We paused before a house that seemed
A swelling of the ground;
The roof was scarcely visible,
The cornice but a mound.

Since then 'tis centuries; but each
Feels shorter than the day
I first surmised the horses' heads
Were toward eternity.



In honor of Emily Dickinson't birthday, we've assembled some her most rousing verses to carry you through the week.
SIGNATURE-READS.COM
~~~~~~
For consistency's sake, the listing below used Johnson’s numbering system. And since the majority of her poetry was published posthumously, we've included the first known date of publication.
1.
The Brain—is wider than the Sky
For, put them side by side,
The one the other will include
With ease, and you beside—
(623, 1945)
2.
“Hope” is the thing with feathers -
That perches in the soul -
And sings the tune without the words -
And never stops - at all –
(254, 1891)
3.
Unable are the Loved to die
For Love is Immortality,
Nay, it is Deity
(809, 1945)
4.
The Soul should always stand ajar
That if the Heaven inquire
He will not be obliged to wait
(1055, 1896)
5.
Not knowing when the Dawn will come,
I open every Door.
(1619, 1896)
6.
Luck is not chance—
It’s Toil—
Fortune’s expensive smile
Is earned—
(1350, 1945)
7.
Forever – is composed of Nows –
‘Tis not a different time –
Except for Infiniteness –
(690, 1929)

2016年11月29日 星期二

Requiem for a Friend by Rainer Maria Rilke

Requiem for a Friend
by Rainer Maria Rilke
I have my dead, and I have let them go,
and was amazed to see them so contented,
so soon at home in being dead, so cheerful,
so unlike their reputation. Only you
return; brush past me, loiter, try to knock
against something, so that the sound reveals
your presence, Oh don’t take from me what I
am slowly learning. I’m sure you have gone astray
if you are moved to homesickness for something
in this dimension. We transform these things;
they aren’t real, they are only the reflections
upon the polished surface of our being, …
The Paris Review is a literary magazine featuring original writing, art, and in-depth interviews with famous writers.
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2016年11月27日 星期日

台大文學院的迴廊 【齊邦媛】;"A Cradle Song" byWilliam Blake,1757-1827


Poet, painter, and printmaker William Blake was born in Soho, London, England on this day in 1757.
"A Cradle Song" by William Blake
Sweet dreams form a shade,
O'er my lovely infants head.
Sweet dreams of pleasant streams,
By happy silent moony beams
Sweet sleep with soft down.
Weave thy brows an infant crown.
Sweet sleep Angel mild,
Hover o'er my happy child.
Sweet smiles in the night,
Hover over my delight.
Sweet smiles Mothers smiles,
All the livelong night beguiles.
Sweet moans, dovelike sighs,
Chase not slumber from thy eyes,
Sweet moans, sweeter smiles,
All the dovelike moans beguiles.
Sleep sleep happy child,
All creation slept and smil'd.
Sleep sleep, happy sleep.
While o'er thee thy mother weep
Sweet babe in thy face,
Holy image I can trace.
Sweet babe once like thee.
Thy maker lay and wept for me
Wept for me for thee for all,
When he was an infant small.
Thou his image ever see.
Heavenly face that smiles on thee,
Smiles on thee on me on all,
Who became an infant small,
Infant smiles are His own smiles,
Heaven & earth to peace beguiles.
*
Since its first publication in 1965, this edition has been widely hailed as the best available text of Blake's poetry and prose. Now revised, if includes up-to-date work on variants, chronology of poems and critical commentary by Harold Bloom.



最近數月 迴廊上多擺出"中外文學" 或者昔日學生時代之教科書

今天拾到一本德文書 除了徐勒兩字之外一概認不得 作者 PROFILE
另外依本ENGLISH NOVEL 是英國地圖

台大文學院的迴廊

  • 2009-07-17
  • 中國時報
  • 【齊邦媛】

 這敞朗、陳舊的迴廊,以大半圓的弧形,穩坐在台北帝大(創立於昭和三年,1928年)初建的校園中心,兩端開著小小的門,中間包著一個小小的院子,和我三十年前初見時完全沒有改變。在台灣漫 長的夏天,隱約可以感覺到迴旋的、流動的文學餘韻(whispering coolness),安頓我的身心。離開我的教室之後,他們投入現實的人生,那些青年人之中,總該有幾個人是我的知音,在他們中年的喜怒哀樂中,記得一些 句子,一些思想,似在不同的落葉林中聽到的聲音。若如此,我的一生即未白活。
 由那幾步台階走下來,穿過如今已不存在的舟山路,進入台大舊 牆內的校園,穿過校警室、福利社,從行政大樓和農化館間的小徑出來,立刻面對文學院的紅樓。橫切過種滿了杜鵑花樹的椰林大道和紀念傅斯年校長的傅鐘,即可 從氣勢寬闊的門廊進入迴廊。對於我,似乎有一種「儀式」似的意義。這敞朗、陳舊的迴廊,以大半圓的弧形,穩坐在台北帝大(創立於昭和三年,1928年)初 建的校園中心,兩端開著小小的門,中間包著一個小小的院子,和我三十年前初見時完全沒有改變。在台灣漫長的夏天,隱約可以感覺到迴旋的、流動的文學餘韻(whispering coolness),安頓我的身心。
 很難與記憶妥協的是,外文系的辦公室,已經搬到樓下,現在是個熱鬧的地方了。進了院門樓下右轉一排大屋子,只有這一間門經常開著,迎面是 一座木櫃,上面放著一把當年標準辦公室用的大鋁茶壺,沒有力氣從木櫃上提下那把茶壺的時候,你就該退休了。茶葉裝在白色小麻袋裡,由總務處分發給各系辦公 室。我至今記得咖啡般的茶色與苦澀的茶味,兩節課之間實在太渴,也常得去喝一大杯,茶幾乎永遠是冷的。木櫃有數十個格子,當作教師的信箱,後面桌椅相連, 坐著五位助教和一位事務員,川流不息的人和事。一直到我退休,外文系沒有一間真正的教員休息室,上課前後的「交誼」似乎都在迴廊「舉行」。我至今記得,有 時從「二十四教室」出來等下一節課鐘響,相當疲勞地靠窗台站著,會看到走廊那一端出現一位多年不見的老友,免不了有「驚呼熱中腸」的場面,然後匆匆忙忙在 粗糙的木窗檯上寫下電話號碼,各自奔往教室。
 那時外文系編制已近八十人,還有許多位兼任老師。第一批開課的老師如英千里、王國華、黃瓊玖、蘇維熊、李本題、夏濟安、黎烈文、周學普、曹欽源、曾約農等都已離開。一九七○年以後的台大外 文系,有人戲曰:「雕欄玉砌應猶在,只是朱顏改。」在那陳舊斑駁但敞亮可愛的迴廊,來來去去的學生有許多年是聯考第一志願分發來的,心理上也許有置身雕欄 玉砌之感。而課程確實有很「現代化」的大改變。最大的推動者,恰好一位姓朱,一位姓顏。朱立民和顏元叔先生在一九六○年代後期由美國拿到文學博士學位歸 國,在台大校園被稱為「稀有貴重金屬」;不久另一位文學博士胡耀恆先生也回到台大,以最新方式講授西洋戲劇,帶領學生以比較文學方法關懷中國戲曲的發展。
 影響最大的改革是重編大一英文課本,以增強全校學生的英文能力,擴展人文和科學方面的知識。為本系一年級學生開設「文學作品讀法」,列「中國文學史」為必修課,此課前後有臺靜農、葉慶炳、林文月、柯慶明等中文系名師授課,不僅使學生真正認識中國文學的傳統和演變,也增強中文和外文兩系的師生情誼,影響學生日後進修的視野,甚為深遠。
 「英國文學史」改為兩年十二個學分的課程:第一年由中古英文時期(The Middle Ages,1485)到十八世紀(the Eighteenth Century);第二年由浪漫時期(The Romantic Period,1785-1830)到二十世紀(The Twentieth Century)。 使用的課本以重要作品為主,不僅是背景、潮流、發展的敘述而已。我教的時候已使用全世界的標準本,諾頓版的《英國文學史》(The Norton Anthology of English Literature),共約五千多頁。
 在台大我一直講授英國文學史第二年課程,有一年顏元叔先生出國,由我代課,上了英國文學史第一年課程。此課我在中興大學教過四年,有過相 當研究。同一星期之內要按不同的進度調整自己的思緒,在二年級的教室講八世紀北海英雄史詩〈貝爾伍夫〉(Beowulf),甚至還須放一兩次古英文發音的 唱片。第二天則在三年級班上費力地闡釋十八世紀奧秘浪漫詩人威廉.布雷克〈心靈旅 者〉(William Blake,1757-1827,The Mental Traveler),此詩描寫兩個反方向轉動的循環,自然與人生,其中奧秘實非課堂中可以完全闡釋。我在中學時曾讀過一篇英國人寫的文章,他說人腦裡似有 許多隔間(compartments)儲藏不同的知識。我在腦中清清楚楚區分英國文學史各階段重要作品,各自為它的時代璀璨發光,所以自己並沒有時空混淆 或時代錯置(anachronism)之虞。
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 我回到台大另一座安身立命的基石,是自一九七○年到一九八八年擔任中文系和歷史系研究所共同開設的「高級英文」課程,它是我最穩定、最強大的挑戰,也是我最樂意接下的挑戰。
 那個年代,幾乎所有文學院研究所的學生都有進修的企圖心,除外文系稍好,中文系、歷史系的外文能力不夠深入研究文化,因此閱讀的幅度、深 度和速度都必須加強。一九七○年,我開始教第一班時,為測量他們的思考和英文深度,先油印一些有關世界文化的英文單篇文章,給他們讀後回答我一些問題。我 驚訝地發現,這些研究所一年級的學生,很少讀過西方文化觀念的作品,更未曾有過與一本本英文原著奮鬥的經驗。我認為要達到任何語文的深處 (advanced depth),必須由完整的書才能看到比較完整的看法,不能只閱讀零星的選文,所以我希望上學期至少讀兩本,下學期讀三、四本。當我說出這個計畫時,引起 一陣輕聲的驚呼:「怎麼?要讀五六本原文書嗎?」但是,我了解,台大研究所學生不會承認什麼是「困難」的。
 我自幼讀書,最愛那些令我反覆思索的書。在美國讀書或到歐洲訪問,關注比較文學的領域,以東方人的心態(mentality)看西方多思 辨的文化;再由西方的觀點看中國豐美的文學,往返之間,天地極寬,可以與這班學生認真討論的甚多,很值得我悉心計劃。選取內容豐富、文字優美的書,對我不 是難題。
 對我最大的難題卻是如何在同時對不同領域的人說話。中文系和歷史系是我所尊重的專業領域,他們在校選修的課程不同,未來進修和工作的目的也大不相同,我如何能引起他們共同的興趣,達到「高級」英文的程度?唯一可行之路,也許是訴諸於共同的文學心靈。
 那時是以美蘇為主,冷戰熾熱的世界,台灣在反共抗俄二十年後,禁書名單很長,可作為教材的英文資料多來自美國,最「前衛」的新書只有極少 數在台大附近,如歐亞、雙葉等幾家書店,照相盜印文化、心理或哲學方面的書,裝訂非常簡陋。幸好可以流通的《時代》(Time)雜誌,每期有十大最暢銷作 品(Ten Best Sellers)的名單,分為小說與非小說兩種。照相本常常可以在中山北路幾家書店買到,據說是有一些越戰美國軍人需要,所以我經常到中山北路尋書。常去 的是敦煌書店,書單出來後就可以買到翻印本,「效率」極高,也是一種盛況。我至今記得自己精神奕奕地提著新出的洋書走在中山北路人行道上,回家連夜讀著。我能用作教材的書必須言之有物,能引起青年人興趣的書,文字優美清晰,政治立場並非那時流行的狂右或狂左派,不能太厚,也不可太薄,必須是學生買得起的台灣翻版。
 雖然我並未按年詳記,但即以今日記憶搜集所及,我們用的教材竟也可以某種程度地反映那二十年間西方文化關懷的變化,它們在台灣被翻印和閱讀,也產生了相當的影響。
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 那十八年上我那門文學院「必選」的高級英文課的學生,被我逼迫研讀原文書,必須回答我隨堂測驗的無數個「為什麼」(“why”)。那些問 題必須要讀完全書才能用英文回答,沒有逃避或取巧的門徑,一年中大約問答了近百題。十八年歲月,我竭心盡力將這門課達到可能的「高級」程度。那四百多位青 年,而今都約五十歲左右,按人生自然的栽種和收穫現象,多數成為社會的中堅份子,他們今日戲稱為「黃埔一期」的學生,多數在學術、教育、文化界服務,不乏 在文史領域有傑出成就者,黃俊傑、陳萬益、呂興昌、張淑香、陳芳明、陳芳妹、杜正勝、陳秋坤、林馨琴、周伯戡、葉其忠、林瑞明等,至今三十多年仍常有聯 繫。
 顏娟英與陳芳妹為我主編的筆會英文季刊撰寫文化藝術資產專論十多年。李孝悌在我編輯《齊世英先生訪談錄》時大力協助。陳幸蕙多年來伴我飲 茶談心。二○○四年我去美國小住,她在台北與隱地全力主編,將我的散文集《一生中的一天》出版;一九八○年以後的鄭毓瑜、洪淑苓、梅家玲,助我筆會季刊選 材,真是「有事弟子服其勞」最真實美好的例子。最晚到了陳昌明、康韻梅、張鈞莉那一班教完,正逢我遭遇車禍,他們不停地去汀州街三軍總醫院看我,令年輕醫生們非常羨慕。如今他們都已是社會中堅分子。即使我最後一班學生也都各有成就了。這十八年間無論各人遭際,政治立場等等如何不同,我們師生之間的「革命感情」是不變的。
 離開我的教室之後,他們投入現實的人生,那些青年人之中,總該有幾個人是我的知音,在他們中年的喜怒哀樂中,記得一些句子,一些思想,似在不同的落葉林中聽到的聲音。若如此,我的一生即未白活。
 (本文摘刊自天下文化出版作者新書《巨流河》)

2016年11月25日 星期五

"I Had Been Hungry All The Years"

"I had been hungry all the years-
My noon had come, to dine-
I, trembling, drew the table near
And touched the curious wine."
― from "I Had Been Hungry All The Years"

2016年11月24日 星期四

Laurence Sterne, who penned the rude and anarchic "Tristram Shandy",

Laurence Sterne, who penned the rude and anarchic "Tristram Shandy", was born on November 24th 1713. His influence ran deep, from Samuel Taylor Coleridge to James Joyce
Author Laurence Sterne was born on this day in 1713
ECONOMIST.COM
近年,此書 "Tristram Shandy"有漢譯:


2016年11月21日 星期一

Survivors by Siegfried Sassoon


 Military Cross (The Fitzwilliam Museum), Battle of Loos, Survivors

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Loos

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by Siegfried Sassoon


https://allpoetry.com/Survivors

Survivors

No doubt they’ll soon get well; the shock and strain  
  Have caused their stammering, disconnected talk.  
Of course they’re ‘longing to go out again,’—  
  These boys with old, scared faces, learning to walk.  
They’ll soon forget their haunted nights; their cowed  
  Subjection to the ghosts of friends who died,—  
Their dreams that drip with murder; and they’ll be proud  
  Of glorious war that shatter’d all their pride…  
Men who went out to battle, grim and glad;  
Children, with eyes that hate you, broken and mad.


~~~


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qIzHt1Dxu8k

November - Military Cross




The Military Cross (MC) is the third-level military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993) other ranks of the British Armed Forces, and used to be awarded to officers of other Commonwealth countries.

Military Cross - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Cross