2016年8月7日 星期日

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland

這個版本應該是從Martin Gardner譯成日文,再從日文譯成中文,有點隔靴搔癢。我的翻譯也是成尾巴狀,而且全詩押韻:
「發利狗兒在壁櫥,
遇到一隻老鼠:
『咱倆去上法庭,我要把你控訴──
走走不許你耍賴,
我們定要審個明白。
因為今天早上,我實在閒得發呆。』
老鼠向壞狗說道:
『這樣的審判不好,
沒有法官也沒有陪審,你我不過白耗。』
『法官我做陪審我當,』
狡滑的老狗有主張:
『我一人審完全案,判你去上天堂。』」
英文原文:
`Fury said to a mouse,
That he met in the house,
"Let us both go to law: I will prosecute YOU–
Come, I'll take no denial;
We must have a trial:
For really this morning I've nothing to do."
Said the mouse to the cur,
"Such a trial, dear Sir,
With no jury or judge, would be wasting our breath."
"I'll be judge, I'll be jury,"
Said cunning old Fury:
"I'll try the whole cause, and condemn you to death."'

HC:糊塗的奇境仙境分不清《愛麗絲夢遊奇境:用日文賞析世界名著(中日文對照 附日語朗讀情境MP3)》就英文學習而言 有許多地方要註明 譬如說『 in the twinkling of a teacup』 現在罕見了
Howard:文中有許多翻譯得詞不達意的地方,例如:「卡洛爾有生之年出版的《愛麗絲夢遊奇境》,皆會特地在扉頁上寫著「與約翰.坦尼爾42張插圖一起」(WITH FORTY-TWO ILLUSTRATIONS BY JOHN TENNIEL)。」其實是當時的出版習慣,喜歡在扉頁註明「附約翰.坦尼爾插圖42幅。」翻成「與......一起」有點可笑。

「把《愛麗絲地底之旅》中身邊的日常題材拿掉後,就成了《愛麗絲夢遊奇境》,」也是不知所云,《愛麗絲夢遊奇境》是為出版而擴大內容(由12,715 字擴充到26,2113字),反而是情節增加,並沒有拿掉身邊日常題材這回事。




數學家卡洛爾設下的文字遊戲
不能忘了路易斯.卡洛爾(Lewis Carroll)在成為作家前是個優秀的數學家。他想了很多數學家才會聯想到的暗號或文字遊戲,以及難解的謎題。這些對一般人來說難以解讀,因此卡洛爾嘗試用容易理解的方式放在書中。
卡洛爾的學生曾說他能「透過惡作劇把枯燥的課業變得更有趣」。他給孩子說的故事或是餘興創作的解謎遊戲,總讓人立刻就恍然大悟。
愛麗絲夢遊奇境》(Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)的故事中也隨處可見數學家卡洛爾設下的機關。毫無常識的動物對話、意義不明的閒聊,其實都是卡洛爾的文字遊戲。譬如柴郡貓與愛麗絲的對話(p. 89):「妳剛說『豬』, 還是『書』?」(Did you say ‘pig’, or ‘fig’?);或是法庭上帽匠與國王的對話(p. 153):「⋯⋯一下茶又啵啵發泡⋯⋯」(“ ── and the twinkling of the tea ── ”×)、「你說什麼會啵啵發泡?」(“The twinkling of what?”)、「一開始是茶。」(“It begin with the tea”)、「我當然知道泡茶時茶會啵啵發泡!」(“Of course twinkling begins with a T!”)等等,書中多次出現這種文字遊戲。
((単数形のみ)) 瞬く間,瞬間
  • in a twinkling [=in the twinkling of an eye/((こっけい)) in the twinkling of a teacup]
  • あっという間に.

故事開端,日常生活有如愛麗絲姐姐正在讀的「沒有插畫也沒有對話」的無趣書本。但讀者跟著愛麗絲腳步忘記那種生活,一下子就沉浸在故事世界中,像是自己也掉進兔子洞一樣。這種不可思議的體驗,就是卡洛爾《愛麗絲夢遊奇境》的魅力。

在這個章節,我們就來介紹一些與數學家卡洛爾埋藏的玄機有關的小故事吧。
卡洛爾講究語言的「聲韻」
英語中有個單字「Rhyme」,意為「聲韻」。 韻就是發音相同或相似的音,在詩或文字中排列這些韻,就稱為「押韻」。對路易斯.卡洛爾來說,語言不只是意思,聲音也是非常重要的一環。《愛麗絲夢遊奇境》中最著名的文字遊戲,就是 Chapter3中與老鼠的對話。在與老鼠說話時,愛麗絲聽成老鼠的尾巴(p. 43),其實是把發音相同的「tale」(故事)聽成了「tail」(尾巴),可說是卡洛爾經典的文字遊戲。更了不起的是,詩中每一段都可以拆成像這樣的老鼠形狀。


愛麗絲夢遊奇境_p254 老鼠尾巴

全部共有4段,第1段第1行的「mouse」與第2行的「house」押韻,而第3行不押韻。整首詩像這樣押韻2行後1行不押韻,以3行為單位寫成了4段。不過仔細看,下一段的第3行「For really this morning I’ve nothing to do.」這裡的「do」與第1段第3行的「you」又押韻。因此整首詩的結構其實是老鼠形狀的身體彼此押韻,而每一段(第3、第4段也相同)的尾巴又彼此押韻。
發現這個規則的是1989年的美國高中生;這個軼事在1991年5月1日的《紐約時報》(The New York Times)被介紹出來。說不定,《愛麗絲夢遊奇境》裡還有很多不為人知的規則。
只有三姊妹知道的文字遊戲
把《愛麗絲地底之旅》中身邊的日常題材拿掉後,就成了《愛麗絲夢遊奇境》,不過《夢遊奇境》裡還是藏有李道爾三姊妹馬上就會知道的人物、事件與秘密。譬如渡渡鳥。路易斯.卡洛爾長久以來苦於口吃,只有在小孩面前才能順暢地說話;一遇到大人(少年也一樣),口吃就會變得特別嚴重。在自我介紹時常常說成「我是道、道、道德森」的卡洛爾,在書中也投影自己,創造了渡渡鳥這個角 色。
三姊妹當然也作為原型被寫進書中。長女蘿芮娜是鸚鵡,三女是小鷹,然後愛麗絲是主角。與卡洛爾一同出遊划船的同事羅賓森.德克沃斯也作為鴨子登場。這些角色都在Chapter3出現。
而「瘋狂茶會」中睡鼠所說的艾爾希、蕾希、緹莉三姊妹的故事,當然也是取自李道爾三姊妹的名字。艾爾希Elsie=L.C.,等同於蘿芮娜.夏洛特的字首拼寫;蕾希Lacie=Alice更動字母排序;緹莉Tillie=取自伊迪絲小名Matilda。
另外,假海龜與獅鷲所作的跳舞練習,也有三姊妹的家庭教師,普利格特小姐等老師們要求少女們學習的背景。老師們給她們上的「特殊課程」,大概就包含了方塊舞吧。「一閃一閃亮晶晶,滿天都是小蝙蝠」的蝙蝠原型,據說來自有著「蝙蝠」 (bat)的暱稱,以課程極為困難聞名的巴塞洛繆.普萊斯(Bartholomew Price)教授。卡洛爾在書中,放了許多李道爾三姊妹能會心一笑的小插曲。
改編自許多歌曲的諷刺詩
卡洛爾在詩中雖寫了許多詩,但那些幾乎都是有原曲的諷刺詩。
*p. 28的「勤勞的小鱷魚」(How doth the little crocodile),源自詩人以撒.華滋(Isaac Watts)在18世紀為人熟知的《兒童詩歌集》(Divine and Moral Songs for Children)中,一首名為「怠惰與惡作劇的訓誡」的詩,開頭第一句便是「How doth the little busy bee」。
*p. 64的「威廉老爹,你老了」(You are old, Father William),是18世紀的桂冠詩人羅伯特.騷塞(Robert Southey)的教訓詩「何得老男安樂」 (The Old Man’s Comforts, and How HE Gained Them),詩中讚賞一個元氣十足的老人。原詩中也出現Father William。
*p. 82公爵夫人唱的「粗魯對你的孩子說話吧」源自威廉.文森.華萊士(William Vincent Wallace)作曲,大衛.貝茲(David Bates,作詞者有所爭議)作詞的「Speak Gently」。原曲在1846年公開,且與公爵夫人所唱不同,內容是對孩子輕聲細語。
*p. 97「一閃一閃亮晶晶,滿天都是小蝙蝠」 (Twinkle, Twinkle, little bat)戲仿自童謠「小星星」(Twinkle,Twinkle, little star),而小星星則取自在日本也相當有名的珍.泰勒(Jane Taylor)的詩「The Star」中的一節。
*p. 139「你能不能走快點?」(Will you walk a little faster?)源自瑪麗.豪葳特(Mary Howitt)的詩「蜘蛛與蒼蠅」(The Spider and the Fly)。卡洛爾取自本詩開頭「你要來我家嗎?蜘蛛對蒼蠅說」(“Will you walk into my parlour?” Said the spider to the fly)。
*p. 143愛麗絲被獅鷲命令而背誦的「我能聽見龍蝦聲」(This the voice of the Lobster)來自以撒.華滋教訓詩「懶惰蟲」(The Sluggard)。原詩是首訓誡人不應懶惰的詩。
*p. 145假海龜唱的「滑潤鮮濃湯」(Beautiful soup),從詹姆士.M.賽斯(James M. Sayles)作詞作曲,1855年的「夜星」(Star of The Evening)改編而來。原曲是首李道爾三姊妹也朗朗上口的曲子。
*p. 164白兔所讀的詩「他們告訴我,你曾去她那」 (They told me you had been to her),是卡洛爾以當時流行的歌曲,威廉.米(William Mee)作詞的「Alice Gray」為藍本所創作。原曲是首男性戀上名為愛麗絲的少女的悲歌。
在本書中唯一一首直接使用原詩的,就是p. 149的「紅心皇后,做水果塔」(The Queen of Hearts, she made some tarts)。這首是在鵝媽媽故事中也為人熟知的詩,而卡洛爾直接引用了前4行。
順帶一提「夜星」是卡洛爾在「金色午後」之後的1862年8月,聽到李道爾三姊妹哼歌,才得到靈感改編的。「夜晚的星星,美麗的星星」的原詞,被改成了「滑潤鮮濃湯,色綠味豐美」。另外「小星星」原文的 star(星)被改編成 bat(蝙蝠), 因此為了押韻卡洛爾也把第2句的「I wonder what you are!」的「are」改成了「at」。
像這樣,在卡洛爾發揮巧思改編這些歌曲後, 擄獲了當時英國孩子們的心。
卡洛爾設下的關鍵數字「42」
約翰.丹尼爾描繪的《愛麗絲夢遊奇境》全部插圖共有42張,不過其實這個42是卡洛爾堅持要求的數字。譬如紅心國王審判時所說的「規則第四十二條」,原文字母也正好是42個。42張插圖明顯不是偶然,而是卡洛爾特地設定的。卡洛爾有生之年出版的《愛麗絲夢遊奇境》,皆會特地在扉頁上寫著「與約翰.坦尼爾42張插圖一起」(WITH FORTY-TWO ILLUSTRATIONS BY JOHN TENNIEL)。
在故事中出現的撲克牌園丁,是黑桃2、5、7。 把這3個數字加起來再乘以3,正好就是42。另外在小蜥蜴比爾被愛麗絲踢出煙囪,由2隻天竺鼠扶住的場景內(p. 59)也有玄機。天竺鼠英文為Guinea pig,而Guinea其實指的是貨幣單位「畿尼」,在當時等於21先令。21先令×2隻等於42。數學家卡洛爾埋藏這些四處見於文中的小心思似乎相當得心應手。
但為何會是42這個數字,直至目前都尚未解開。不過世界各地的卡洛爾粉絲(他們被稱為Carrollian),總能依循線索找到與42有關的事物。續作《愛麗絲鏡中奇遇》中也有多個與42有關的情節。
卡洛爾所提議的新式文字遊戲
卡洛爾就是這樣一個喜愛文字遊戲的人,即使在《愛麗絲夢遊奇境》之外也毫不保留地展露這個興趣。1868年到1914年的英國週刊《Vanity Fair》曾在1879年3月29日號,刊載了卡洛爾稱為「Doublet」的文字遊戲。遊戲內容是改變某個單字的每個字母,最後變成另一個意思不同的單字。規則是,在兩個字母數相同的單字間,插入數個其他單字,然後串聯起來。聽起來很簡單,但相當耗費腦力。
譬如題目是把「HEAD換成TAIL」,作法就是更動「HEAD」的每個字母,最後聯到「TAIL」。模範解答是「HEAD」→heal→teal→tell→tall→「TAIL」。困難之處在於,每個經過的單字,如 heal(治療)、teal(野鴨)都一定要有確實的意思,字母亦不能互換。盡量用最少的單字數過關。實際上出在《Vanity Fair》的題目,都是「把PIG(豬)趕進STY(豬舍)」「把PEN(筆)浸到INK(墨水)」「把HARE(野兔)做成SOUP(湯)」「讓POOR(窮人)變成RICH(富人)」等,兩個單字間皆有關係的題目。
4月19日號到7月26日號的所有題目皆有獎金,據說每道題目的優勝獎品是校正相本,而二、三名則是普通相本。各位不妨也挑戰看看卡洛爾所想出來這個文字遊戲「Doublet」。
書籍介紹
*透過以上連結購書,我們由此所得將全數捐贈兒福聯盟
作者:路易斯.卡洛爾(Lewis Carroll)
以日文賞析150週年的奇幻文學經典名著《愛麗絲夢遊奇境》
完全解析作者生平與創作背景,一探故事蘊含的趣味謎題!
跟著日文朗讀情境MP3,一起掉入神祕的兔子洞吧!
本書特色
  • 中日對照雙語版本,每個段落前附數字標,方便讀者循段對照,日文附假名方便讀者閱讀。
  • 完全解析作者生平、創作背景,故事中所埋藏的巧思。
  • 穿插由29名新銳日本設計師所構思的故事場景圖,呈現奇幻豐富的愛麗絲世界。
  • 附日文朗讀情境MP3。
  • 收錄英文原文。

2016年8月6日 星期六

Benjamin "Ben" Jonson (1572~ 1637)


Benjamin "Ben" Jonson was an English playwright, poet, actor and literary critic of the 17th century, whose artistry exerted a lasting impact upon English poetry and stage comedy. He popularised the comedy of humours. Wikipedia
DiedAugust 6, 1637, Westminster, United Kingdom



Perhaps the line most quoted of Ben Jonson refers to a fellow playwright, William Shakespeare—that he is "not of an age but for all time". Yet Jonson was himself a towering literary figure; some revisionist histories have suggested that his reputation during the 17th century was on a par with that of the Bard of Avon. Jonson died on August 6th 1637

2016年8月5日 星期五

Alfred Tennyson ( 1809~1892)

Happy birthday to Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809-1892)! Tennyson served as Poet Laureate of Great Britain and Ireland throughout the reign of Queen Victoria and remains one of the most popular British poets of all time. Explore his complete works in the Bass Library:http://web.library.yale.edu/building/bass-library

Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson, FRS was Poet Laureate of Great Britain and Ireland during much of Queen Victoria's reign and remains one of the most popular British poets. Wikipedia
DiedOctober 6, 1892, Lurgashall, United Kingdom


Alfred Tennyson was born ‪#‎onthisday‬ in 1809.
This lavish 1857 edition of Tennyson’s Poems, the ‘Moxon Tennyson’, is accompanied by 30 woodcut illustrations designed by Pre-Raphaelites Dante Gabriel Rossetti, John Millais and William Holman Hunt, in addition to 24 by four other Victorian artists (Thomas Creswick, J C Horsley, William Mulready and Clarkson Stanfield). It contains poems from the earlier 1830 and 1832 editions, including ‘The Lady of Shalott’ and ‘Mariana’. http://bit.ly/29ZH410





For tho' from out our bourne of Time and Place
The flood may bear me far.
--Tennyson


出 發

(楊牧)搜索者





For though from out our bourne of Time and Place
The flood may bear me far,
I hope to see my Pilot face to face
When I have crossed the bar

--Tennyson (Crossing the Bar)

Alfred Lord Tennyson

Alfred Lord Tennyson

Crossing the Bar

Sunset and evening star,     And one clear call for me! And may there be no moaning of the bar,     When I put out to sea.  But such a tide as moving seems asleep,     Too full for sound and foam, When that which drew from out the boundless deep     Turns again home!  Twilight and evening bell,     And after that the dark! And may there be no sadness of farewell,     When I embark;  For though from out our bourn of Time and Place     The flood may bear me far, I hope to see my Pilot face to face     When I have cross the bar.   


bourne
(bu̇rn)
(hydrology) A small intermittent stream in a dry valley.
古意: goal; limit


gavotte[ga・votte]

  • 発音記号[gəvɑ't | -vɔ't]
[名]ガボット:フランスの古い踊りの一種;その舞曲.
[フランス語]

bourrée[bour・rée]

  • 発音記号[buréi | –]
[名]ブーレ:フランス・スペインの古い踊り;その曲.

2016年8月4日 星期四

A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning



https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems-and-poets/poems/detail/44131



A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning

Related Poem Content Details

As virtuous men pass mildly away, 
   And whisper to their souls to go, 
Whilst some of their sad friends do say 
   The breath goes now, and some say, No: 

So let us melt, and make no noise, 
   No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move; 
'Twere profanation of our joys 
   To tell the laity our love. 

Moving of th' earth brings harms and fears, 
   Men reckon what it did, and meant; 
But trepidation of the spheres, 
   Though greater far, is innocent. 

Dull sublunary lovers' love 
   (Whose soul is sense) cannot admit 
Absence, because it doth remove 
   Those things which elemented it. 

But we by a love so much refined, 
   That our selves know not what it is, 
Inter-assured of the mind, 
   Care less, eyes, lips, and hands to miss. 

Our two souls therefore, which are one, 
   Though I must go, endure not yet 
A breach, but an expansion, 
   Like gold to airy thinness beat. 

If they be two, they are two so 
   As stiff twin compasses are two; 
Thy soul, the fixed foot, makes no show 
   To move, but doth, if the other do. 

And though it in the center sit, 
   Yet when the other far doth roam, 
It leans and hearkens after it, 
   And grows erect, as that comes home. 

Such wilt thou be to me, who must, 
   Like th' other foot, obliquely run; 
Thy firmness makes my circle just, 
   And makes me end where I begun. 
----

laity 

Pronunciation: /ˈleɪɪti/ 

NOUN

[USUALLY TREATED AS PLURAL] (the laity)
1Lay people, as distinct from the clergy.

Origin

Late Middle English: from lay2 -ity.


2016年8月1日 星期一

"Herman Melville" by W. H. Auden

Writer Herman Melville was born on this day in 1819.
"Herman Melville" by W. H. Auden
Towards the end he sailed into an extraordinary mildness,
And anchored in his home and reached his wife
And rode within the harbour of her hand,
And went across each morning to an office
As though his occupation were another island.
Goodness existed: that was the new knowledge
His terror had to blow itself quite out
To let him see; but it was the gale had blown him
Past the Cape Horn of sensible success
Which cries: 'This rock is Eden. Shipwreck here.'
But deafened him with thunder and confused with lightning:
--The maniac hero hunting like a jewel
The rare ambiguous monster that had maimed his sex,
The unexplained survivor breaking off the nightmare--
All that was intricate and false; the truth was simple.
Evil is unspectacular and always human,
And shares our bed and eats at our own table,
And we are introduced to Goodness every day.
Even in drawing-rooms among a crowd of faults;
he has a name like Billy and is almost perfect
But wears a stammer like a decoration:
And every time they meet the same thing has to happen;
It is the Evil that is helpless like a lover
And has to pick a quarrel and succeeds,
And both are openly destroyed before our eyes.
For now he was awake and knew
No one is ever spared except in dreams;
But there was something else the nightmare had distorted--
Even the punishment was human and a form of love:
The howling storm had been his father's presence
And all the time he had been carried on his father's breast.
Who now had set him gently down and left him.
He stood upon the narrow balcony and listened:
And all the stars above him sang as in his childhood
'All, all is vanity,' but it was not the same;
For now the words descended like the calm of mountains--
--Nathaniel had been shy because his love was selfish--
But now he cried in exultation and surrender
'The Godhead is broken like bread. We are the pieces.'
And sat down at his desk and wrote a story.