現代英文選評註夏濟安 評註

我了解Hemingway 文章之韻味 是高中 1968年讀 現代英文選評註夏濟安 評註

現代英文選評註夏濟安 評註

THE TWO TREES by: William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)

最早傅孝先 在詩人與樹 一文介紹過此詩大意 收入其無花的園地 台北:九歌 1978 頁192

THE TWO TREES

by: William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)

ELOVED, gaze in thine own heart,

The holy tree is growing there;

From joy the holy branches start,

And all the trembling flowers they bear.

The changing colours of its fruit

Have dowered the stars with merry light;

The surety of its hidden root

Has planted quiet in the night;

The shaking of its leafy head

Has given the waves their melody,

And made my lips and music wed,

Murmuring a wizard song for thee.

There the Loves a circle go,

The flaming circle of our days,

Gyring, spiring to and fro

In those great ignorant leafy ways;

Remembering all that shaken hair

And how the wingèd sandals dart,

Thine eyes grow full of tender care:

Beloved, gaze in thine own heart.

Gaze no more in the bitter glass

The demons, with their subtle guile,

Lift up before us when they pass,

Or only gaze a little while;

For there a fatal image grows

That the stormy night receives,

Roots half hidden under snows,

Broken boughs and blackened leaves.

For all things turn to barrenness

In the dim glass the demons hold,

The glass of outer weariness,

Made when God slept in times of old.

There, through the broken branches, go

The ravens of unresting thought;

Flying, crying, to and fro,

Cruel claw and hungry throat,

Or else they stand and sniff the wind,

And shake their ragged wings; alas!

Thy tender eyes grow all unkind:

Gaze no more in the bitter glass.

"The Two Trees" is reprinted from The Rose. W.B. Yeats. 1893.

The Letters of Horace Walpole

讀VW 談這不朽的(為後代) 書信者 (YALE 版) 還沒真正進去

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For Horatio Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford (second creation) (1813–1894), see Horatio Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford (second creation).

The Right Honourable The Earl of Orford
Horace Walpole by Joshua Reynolds 1756 National Portrait Gallery, collection London.
Member of Parliament for Callington
In office 1741–1754 Serving with Thomas Copleston (1741-1748) Edward Bacon (1748-1754)
Preceded by	Thomas Copleston Isaac le Heup
Succeeded by	Sewallis Shirley John Sharpe
Member of Parliament for Castle Rising
In office 1754–1757 Serving with Thomas Howard
Preceded by	The Lord Luxborough Thomas Howard
Succeeded by	Thomas Howard Charles Boone
Member of Parliament for King's Lynn
In office 1757–1768 Serving with Sir John Turner, 3rd Baronet
Preceded by	Sir John Turner, 3rd Baronet Horatio Walpole
Succeeded by	Sir John Turner, 3rd Baronet Thomas Walpole
Personal details
Born	Horatio Walpole 24 September 1717 London, Great Britain
Died	2 March 1797 (aged 79) Berkeley Square, London, Great Britain
Resting place	St Martin Churchyard, Norfolk, United Kingdom
Political party	Whig
Residence	Strawberry Hill, London
Alma mater	Eton College King’s College, Cambridge
Occupation	Author, Politician
Parents	Robert Walpole and Catherine Shorter

Horatio Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford (24 September 1717 – 2 March 1797), was an English art historian, man of letters, antiquarian and politician. He is now largely remembered for Strawberry Hill, the home he built in Twickenham, south-west London where he revived the Gothic style some decades before his Victorian successors, and for his Gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto. Along with the book, his literary reputation rests on his Letters, which are of significant social and political interest. He was the son of Sir Robert Walpole, and cousin^[1] of the 1st Viscount Nelson.

Contents [hide] 1 Early life 2 Career 2.1 Politics 2.2 Writings 3 Personal life 4 Formal styles from birth to death 5 Notes 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

[edit] Early life

Walpole was born in London, the youngest son of British Prime Minister Robert Walpole. Like his father, he was educated at Eton College and King's College, Cambridge.^[2] After university, Walpole went on the Grand Tour with the poet Thomas Gray, but they did not get on well.^{[citation needed]} During his time in France, he bonded with the society hostess Madame du Deffand, but there is no evidence of a sexual relationship between the two.

[edit] Career

Walpole returned to England in 1741, entering Parliament, becoming Member of Parliament for Callington, Cornwall. He remained an MP after the death of his father in 1745 and this would last until 1768. He was never politically ambitious, although he was involved in the John Byng case of 1757.^[3]

His lasting architectural creation is Strawberry Hill, the home he built in Twickenham, south-west London, in which he revived the Gothic style many decades before his Victorian successors. This fanciful neo-Gothic concoction began a new architectural trend.^[4] His father was created Earl of Orford in 1742. Horace's elder brother, the 2nd Earl of Orford (c.1701–1751), passed the title on to his son, the 3rd Earl of Orford (1730–1791). When the 3rd Earl died unmarried, Horace Walpole became the 4th Earl of Orford, and the title died with him in 1797.

In 1769, the forger Thomas Chatterton sent Rowley's History of England, allegedly by Rowley, to Walpole, who was briefly taken in. When Chatterton killed himself in 1770, Walpole was accused of having provoked the suicide.^[5]

[edit] Politics

Following his father's politics, he was a devotee of King George II and Queen Caroline, siding with them against their son, Frederick, Prince of Wales, about whom Walpole wrote spitefully in his memoirs. Walpole was a frequent visitor to Boyle Farm, Thames Ditton, to meet both the Boyle-Walsinghams and Lord Hertford.

[edit] Writings

Strawberry Hill had its own printing press which supported Horace Walpole's intensive literary activity.^[6]

In 1764, not using his own press, he anonymously published his Gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto, claiming on its title page that it was a translation "from the Original Italian of Onuphirio Muralto". The second edition's preface, according to James Watt, "has often been regarded as a manifesto for the modern Gothic romance, stating that his work, now subtitled 'A Gothic Story', sought to restore the qualities of imagination and invention to contemporary fiction".^[7] However, there is a playfulness in the prefaces to both editions and in the narration within the text itself. The novel opens with the son of Manfred (the Prince of Otranto) being crushed under a massive helmet that appears as a result of supernatural causes. However, that moment, along with the rest of the unfolding plot, includes a mixture of both ridiculous and sublime supernatural elements. The plot finally reveals how Manfred's family is tainted in a way that served as a model for successive Gothic plots.^[8]

From 1762 on, Walpole published his Anecdotes of Painting in England, based on George Vertue's manuscript notes. His memoirs of the Georgian social and political scene, though heavily biased, are a useful primary source for historians.

Portrait of George Montagu by John Giles Eccardt after Jean-Baptiste van Loo (c. 1713-1780)
Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery
A close friend and correspondent of Horace Walpole

Walpole's numerous letters are similarly useful as a historical resource. In one, dating from 28 January 1754, he coined the word serendipity which he said was derived from a "silly fairy tale" he had read, The Three Princes of Serendip. The oft-quoted epigram, "This world is a comedy to those that think, a tragedy to those that feel," is from a letter of Walpole's to Anne, Countess of Ossory, on 16 August 1776. The original, fuller version appeared in a letter to Sir Horace Mann on 31 December 1769: "I have often said, and oftener think, that this world is a comedy to those that think, a tragedy to those that feel – a solution of why Democritus laughed and Heraclitus wept."

In Historic Doubts on the Life and Reign of King Richard III (1768), Walpole defended Richard III against the common belief that he murdered the Princes in the Tower. In this he has been followed by other writers, such as Josephine Tey and Valerie Anand. This work, according to Emile Legouis, shows that Walpole was "capable of critical initiative".^[3]

Major Works

• Some Anecdotes of Painting in England (1762)
• The Castle of Otranto (1764)
• The Mysterious Mother (1768)
• Historic Doubts on the Life and Reign of Richard III (1768)
• On Modern Gardening (1780)
• A Description of the Villa of Mr. Horace Walpole (1784)
• Hieroglyphic Tales (1785)

[edit] Personal life

Walpole's sexual orientation has been the subject of speculation. He never married, engaging in a succession of unconsummated flirtations with unmarriageable women, and counted among his close friends a number of women such as Anne Seymour Damer and Mary Berry named by a number of sources as lesbian.^[9] Many contemporaries described him as effeminate (one political opponent called him "a hermaphrodite horse").^[10] Some previous biographers such as Lewis, Fothergill, and Robert Wyndham Ketton-Cremer, however, have interpreted Walpole as asexual.^[11]

Walpole died in 1797, after which his title became extinct. The massive amount of correspondence he left behind had been published in many volumes, starting in 1798. Likewise, a large collection of his works, including historical writings, was published immediately after his death.^[3]

[edit] Formal styles from birth to death

• Mr Horace Walpole (1717–1741)
• Mr Horace Walpole, MP (1741–1742)
• The Hon. Horace Walpole, MP (1742–1768)
• The Hon. Horace Walpole (1768–1791)
• The Rt Hon. The Earl of Orford (1791–1797)

[edit] Notes

1. ^ first-cousin twice-removed, i.e. 1st cousin to Nelson's grandmother
2. ^ Walpole, Horace in Venn, J. & J. A., Alumni Cantabrigienses, Cambridge University Press, 10 vols, 1922–1958.
3. ^ ^{a b c} Legouis 1957 p. 906
4. ^ Verberckmoes 2007 p. 77
5. ^ Frank p. 39
6. ^ Verberckmoes, p.77
7. ^ Watt 2004 p. 120
8. ^ Watt 2004 p. 120–121
9. ^ Norton 2003
10. ^ Langford 2004
11. ^ Haggert 2006

[edit] See also

• Romanticism

[edit] References

• Frank, Frederick, "Introduction" in The Castle of Otranto.
• Haggerty, George. "Queering Horace Walpole". SEL 1500–1900 46.3 (2006): 543–562
• Hiller, Bevis. Who's Horry now?. The Spectator, September 14, 1996
• Langford, Paul. "Walpole, Horatio , fourth earl of Orford (1717–1797)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2005 accessed 19 Aug 2007
• Legouis, Emile. A History of English Literature. Trans. Louis Cazamian. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1957.
• Mowl, Timothy. Horace Walpole: The Great Outsider. London: Murray, 1998. ISBN 0719556198
• Norton, Rictor (Ed.), "A Sapphick Epistle, 1778". Homosexuality in Eighteenth-Century England: A Sourcebook. 1 December 1999, updated 23 February 2003 <http://www.infopt.demon.co.uk/sapphick.htm> Retrieved on 2007-08-16
• Watt, James. "Gothic" in The Cambridge Companion to English Literature 1740–1830 ed. Thomas Keymer and Jon Mee, 119–138. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
• Verberckmoes, Johan (2007). Geschiedenis van de Britse eilanden. Leuven: Uitgeverij Acco Leuven. ISBN 978 90 334 6549 9.

[edit] External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Horace Walpole

Wikisource has original works written by or about: Horace Walpole

• The Literary Encyclopedia.
• Works by Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford at Project Gutenberg
  • The Letters of Horace Walpole, Volume 1
  • The Letters of Horace Walpole, Volume 2
  • The Letters of Horace Walpole, Volume 3
  • The Letters of Horace Walpole, Volume 4
  • Letters of Horace Walpole, Volume I
  • Letters of Horace Walpole, Volume II
  • The Castle of Otranto
• The Friends of Strawberry Hill
• The Twickenham Museum - Horace Walpole
• "The Walpole Cabinet". Furniture. Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 2007-08-12.
• Works by or about Horace Walpole in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

People: The Calloused Hand

Monday, Oct. 23, 1950

Turinese Tailor Antonio Santomauro, who made the elaborately embroidered Mantle of Peace worn by Pope Pius XII for special ceremonies, was busily stitching away at two more peace jackets. One, of Tibet wool, double-breasted with four gold buttons and an embroidered globe carried by two small doves, will go to Harry Truman. To Joseph Stalin, courtesy of Tailor Santomauro, will go a single-breasted job, buttoned to the throat, with one embroidered dove.

In Manhattan, warming up for her debut as a pro, Gertrude ("Gorgeous Gussie") Moron modeled her latest play to the tennis galleries: leopard-skin panties. Undecided what to wear on her six-month tour of the country, she thought it would be "something simple, made out of better material than the dresses for amateur matches"—perhaps black velvet panties "completely covered except when I move."

In Chicago for a series of lectures, T. S. (The Cocktail Party) Eliot, 62, mused: "The years between 50 and 70 are the hardest . . . You are always being asked to do things, and yet you are not decrepit enough to turn them down . . . Basically I am a very lazy man . . . After Christmas I will try to get down to doing another play. I know that no one ever has two successes in a row, so I am writing the next play for a small out-of-the-way theater in London . . . You must go on living day to day, but you cannot go on . . . without hope. If there is not hope, then we would all lie down and expire."

Said Hollywood Tough Guy John Garfield: "I'm not tough . . . Hell, I haven't had a fight since I was 13."

James A. Farley, in Spain for his third visit since the war, had a 40-minute chat with Franco, failed to get official permission to enlarge his Barcelona Coca-Cola plant.

Home from the hospital, nursing his recently fractured thigh, George Bernard Shaw, 94, confided to a visitor: "I don't think I shall ever write anything more." Otherwise, said his doctors, their patient was doing well; he was allowed to leave his bed for 90 minutes a day to take wheelchair tours of his flower beds (see cut) and soak up the autumn sun.

The Yankees' pitching pride, Southpaw Eddie Ford, 21, was awaiting another decision: results of his second draft physical to find out whether an intestinal bug picked up in Mexico two winters ago had gone away.

The Furrowed Brow

Dosed with penicillin and fighting a cold, Marlene (the "World's Most Glamorous Grandma") Dietrich arrived in London 24 hours behind schedule to play a middle-aged film star in the film No Highway. She still had time to call a press conference and set reporters straight on a matter of figures. Said she: "I am 44, not 47."

Speaking at Western Reserve University, David Lilienthal, onetime boss of the Atomic Energy Commission, decried scaremongering, but conceded that "any person who wants to live a peaceful, quiet, uneventful life has just picked the wrong time to live."

Excited rumors ran through Paris that France's No. 1 Communist Maurice Thorez had been liquidated, but it turned out he was merely resting comfortably in his villa after getting treatment for high blood pressure, brought on, said his doctors, by "physical and intellectual overexertion."

Back in Boston for the first time since she declared war on Harvard ten years ago when the Lampoon voted her the movie star least likely to succeed, onetime Oomph Girl Ann Sheridan was in a mellow, forgiving mood. "I'm not worried any more about what Harvard University thinks of me ... By the way whatever happened to that editor? It would be interesting to know what he is doing in 1950."*

The Metropolitan Opera's Helen Traubel sounded a Wagnerian note for her home town when she announced that she had bought into the St> Louis Browns, perennial sad sacks of the American League. The deal was no gamble, said she: "I know they are going to do something . . . This is an investment in faith and in sentiment."

From a federal jail in Manhattan where he has served five months of his one-year sentence for contempt of Congress, pudgy Eugene Dennis, general secretary of the U.S. Communist Party, answered a query on the state of his health: "The carcass is scaled down somewhat . . . The mind is, of course, cogitating, and the spirit is fine. Everything is O.K. with me except for the loss of precious time."

A last-moment hitch developed in the well-laid wedding plans of Cinemactor Errol Flynn, 41, and Hollywood Dancer Patrice Wymore, 23, when a French Lutheran clergyman suddenly withdrew the use of his church. The twice-divorced groom scurried about, thought he had found another, an abandoned church in Beaulieu-sur-Mer. Other reported plans: a civil ceremony in Monaco with an army guard of honor, peasants dancing in the streets, followed by a one-day honeymoon, the shortest of Flynn's career.

Speaking of women in politics, Millicent Carey Mclntosh, dean of Barnard College, had a hunch that more girls would grow up to become Senators. But a lady President? Out of the question: "Other women wouldn't vote for her . . . Women themselves are extremely conservative about other women. They still prefer men doctors or lawyers or bosses."

Just Folks

The Illinois society of the Sons of the American Revolution polled its members to see who should get the annual Patriotism Award, found 9 to 1 in favor of the Chicago Tribune's Colonel Robert ("Bertie") McCormick, the state's "greatest patriot of this generation."

In Paris, President Vincent Aurlol stocked his pantry with almond milk and other dainties to welcome a visitor, thorny, willful Sidi Mohamed Ben Youssef, Sultan of Morocco. After a dervish whirl of partygoing, the Sultan doffed his white burnoose, slipped into hunting knickers for a shooting party at Marly-le-Roi where he bagged 76 pheasants, ten hares, two partridges.

For the U.N. blood bank in Tokyo, Prince Takamatsu, younger brother of Emperor Hirohito, parted with 300 cc of his royal blood, then grinned broadly as he prepared to down a glass of apple juice.

Because English weather did not agree with his ailing mother, Queen Aliyah, Iraq's sloe-eyed boy King, Feisal II, 15, decided to change schools, checked out of Harrow and flew home to sunny Baghdad to enter the Iraqi Military College.

For a medical research benefit, a New York auction gallery held a famous-name rummage sale, bagged such customer-catching donations as a Paisley shawl from Irene Dunne, the bat Joe DiMaggio used for his home run in the last World Series, Sigmund Romberg's original score for When I Grow Too Old to Dream, a Toscanini baton, a self-portrait of Enrico Caruso.

Mohamed Reza Pahlevi, the Shah of Iran, divorced from beauteous Princess Fawzia, sister of Egypt's tubby King Farouk, announced that his next wife would be a commoner, pretty Soraya Esfandiari, 19, granddaughter of a tribal chief. The wedding date: Dec. 27, birthday of Mohamed.

In a three-car caravan with physician, secretary and seven servants, Belgium's King Leopold and his Princess de Rethy, who is expecting, arrived at Abano, Italy. He planned to join the rheumatics for some quiet mud baths; she would take some slow, countryside motor trips.

*The Lampoon's 1940 editor, W. Russell Bowie Jr., is now European research editor for the U.S. State Department's Intelligence Division.

Read more: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,813606,00.html#ixzz1NFQUmEtD

Bardolator

Influence has long been Bloom’s abiding preoccupation, and the one that established him, in the 1970s, as a radical, even disruptive presence amid the groves of academe. This may surprise some who think of Bloom primarily as a stalwart of the Western canon, fending off the assaults of “the School of Resentment” and its “rabblement of lemmings,” or as a self-confessed Bardolator, swooning over “Hamlet” and “Lear.”

Not that Bloom abjures these subsequent selves. There is much canon fodder in this new book, along with re­affirmed vows of fidelity to Shakespeare, “the founder” not only of modern literature but also, in Bloom’s expansive view, of modern personhood and its “infinite self-consciousness.”

“For me, Shakespeare is God,” he declares at one point, and in other places he says much the same thing, in much the same words, a reminder that to read Bloom once is in a sense to reread him, so often does he repeat himself. Twice he asserts that Shakespeare’s greatest creations are Falstaff, Hamlet, Iago and Cleopatra; twice that “The Tempest” and “The Winter’s Tale” are tragicomedies and not ro­mances; three times that “Titus Andronicus” parodies the tragedies of Shakespeare’s defeated rival Marlowe. Prospero, Bloom shrewdly observes, “is one of those teachers who is always convinced his auditors are not quite attentive.” So too Bloom, himself a “professional teacher” for 55 years now, has perhaps learned that the most efficient way to get your point across is to keep making it, the classroom sage’s version of staying on message.

Engraving of Shakespeare: the term "bardolatry" derives from Shaw's coinage "Bardolator", combining the words "bard" and "idolatry" by refers to the excessive adulation of Shakespeare.^[1][2]

Timeline of Shakespeare criticism is a

Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/timeline-of-shakespeare-criticism#ixzz1N4Ras8qg

Hamlet, Joseph, Robinson Crusoe, Gulliver, Mr. Pecksniff, and Alice,

提問

CHAPTER XIV DON QUIXOTE To include Don Quixote in English Literature is a piece of impudence, though a lesser one than the inclusion in it of a religious anthology of the Jews, collected by them during a period of a thousand years, called the Bible. But though Don Quixote has taken his place with Hamlet, Joseph, Robinson Crusoe, Gulliver, Mr. Pecksniff, and Alice, his true character is not yet recognised either in his own country or that of his adoption. Of the work of Cervantes more than that of any other, are Goethe's words true, that a poet has to be taught his own meaning. The genius is hardly aware of the significance of his performance, since so much of it is the God that speaks through him as a mouthpiece. In the case of Don Quixote this is further complicated by the fact that Cervantes, in the Second Part of Don Quixote, destroys, unconsciously, his own creation in the First Part. 問題是 Joseph 是誰 Martin Chuzzlewit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - [ 翻譯這個網頁 ] While with the Pecksniffs, the younger Martin meets and befriends Tom Pinch, who is in some ways the true protagonist of the novel. Pinch is a gentle, ... Plot summary - Characters in Martin Chuzzlewit - Publication - Anti-Americanism en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chuzzlewit - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容 Pecksniff | Define Pecksniff at Dictionary.com - [ 翻譯這個網頁 ]a person of Pecksniffian attitudes or behavior: a virtuousness that only a pecksniff could aspire to. Use pecksniff in a Sentence · See images of pecksniff ... Pecksniff是狄更斯人物 Martin Chuzzlewit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - [ 翻譯這個網頁 ] While with the Pecksniffs, the younger Martin meets and befriends Tom Pinch, who is in some ways the true protagonist of the novel. Pinch is a gentle, ... Plot summary - Characters in Martin Chuzzlewit - Publication - Anti-Americanism en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chuzzlewit - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容 Pecksniff | Define Pecksniff at Dictionary.com - [ 翻譯這個網頁 ]a person of Pecksniffian attitudes or behavior: a virtuousness that only a pecksniff could aspire to. Use pecksniff in a Sentence · See images of pecksniff ... [形]偽善的な, 猫をかぶった. ▼C. Dickensの作品Martin Chuzzlewit（1843-44）の登場人物Seth Pecksniffの名から. –noun a person of Pecksniffian attitudes or behavior: a virtuousness that only a pecksniff could aspire to. Peck·sniff·i·an  /pɛkˈsnɪfiən/ Show Spelled[pek-snif-ee-uhn] Show IPA –adjective ( often lowercase ) hypocritically and unctuously affecting benevolence or high moral principles. 查Joseph Andrews - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - [ 翻譯這個網頁 ]But while Shamela started and finished as a sustained subversion of a rival work , in Joseph Andrews Fielding merely uses the perceived depravation of ... The Oxford Companion to English Literature