Allan Bloom、『威尼斯商人』

inlaid

人呀！你是誰，竟敢向天主抗辯？製造品豈能對製造者說：你為什麼這樣製造了我？	依 29:16
21難道陶工不能隨意用一團泥，把這一個作成貴重的器皿，把那一個作成卑賤的器皿嗎？	依 29:16耶 18:6智 15:7依 45:9; 64:7
22如果天主願意顯示自己的義怒，並彰顯自己的威能，曾以寬宏大量，容忍了那些惹他發怒而應受毀滅的器皿；	2:4; 3:25-26箴 16:4智 12:20-21
23他如此作，是為把他那豐富的光榮，在那些他早已準備好，為進入光榮而蒙憐憫的器皿身上彰顯出來，又有什麼不可呢？	8:29弗 2:1-7
24這些器皿就是我們這些不但從猶太人中，而且也從外邦人中被天主所寵召的人。

2005年 年中作品:

Allan Bloom、莎士比亞、『威尼斯商人』


近讀些Allan Bloom談「政治、詩與莎士比亞」等，更覺得必須圍勦威尼斯（

「一座色彩斑爛的美麗城市」）才行。【】
----
Bloom, Allan Shakespeare\'s Politics. With Harry V. Jaffa. 160 p. 5-1/4 x 8 1964
Paper $17.00sp 0-226-06040-3 /Paper $12.50sp 0-226-06041-1 Fall 1996
日譯本：Shakespeare\'s Politics. (1966/1981) (with Harry V. Jaffa). 『シェイクスピアの政治学』松岡啓子 訳，信山社出版，2005
目錄：TABLE OF CONTENTS
1: Introduction: Political Philosophy and Poetry
2: On Christian and Jew: The Merchant of Venice
3: Cosmopolitan Man and the Political Community: Othello
4: The Morality of the Pagan Hero: Julius Caesar
5: The Limits of Politics: King Lear, Act I, Scene i
Harry V. Jaffa
Acknowledgments
Index


布魯姆（Allan Bloom）《巨人與侏儒：布魯姆文集》秦露 林國榮等譯 北京：華夏出版社，2003
。其中「政治、詩與莎士比亞」翻譯出該書的前四章。最後一章可能為Harry V. Jaffa所作，所以不翻譯。
翻譯大體很認真，不過還是有許\多地方可以更好。譬如說，Allan Bloom說，『羅馬書』（Romans）9-11章最能說明《威尼斯商人》中基督徒和猶太人的信仰之差別：（『基督徒與公民』（On Christian and Jew: The Merchant of Venice 。注意：中文翻譯將「猶太人」改成「公民」），《巨人與侏儒：布魯姆文集》 p.122之注）。可惜，大陸翻譯者未查它，所以碰到vessel ，不知道它指「器皿」。下述羅馬書之引文為提綱：

9:21 [hb5] 窯匠難道沒有權柄、從一團泥裏拿一塊作成貴重的器皿、又拿一塊作成卑賤的器皿麼。
[kjv] Hath not the potter power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another unto dishonour?
[bbe] Or has not the potter the right to make out of one part of his earth a vessel for honour, and out of another a vessel for shame?

9:22 [hb5] 倘若　神要顯明他的忿怒、彰顯他的權能、就多多忍耐寬容那可怒預備遭毀滅的器皿．
[kjv] What if God, willing to shew his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction:
[bbe] What if God, desiring to let his wrath and his power be seen, for a long time put up with the vessels of wrath which were ready for destruction:

9:23 [hb5] 又要將他豐盛的榮耀、彰顯在那蒙憐憫早預備得榮耀的器皿上．
[kjv] And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory,
[bbe] And to make clear the wealth of his glory to vessels of mercy, which he had before made ready for glory,
*****
"The power of music in the soul—described to Jessica marvelously by Lorenzo in the Merchant of Venice—has been recovered after a long period of desuetude." (The Closing of the American Mind, p.69)

就像在《威尼斯商人》中，羅蘭佐精彩地向潔西嘉描述的那樣，心靈中音樂的力量經歷了漫長的蕭索時期後，終於復蘇了。（布魯姆（Allan Bloom）《走向封閉的美國精神》缪青、宋麗娜等譯，北京：中國社會科學出版社，1994，第66頁。案：名字改成朱生豪翻譯的。2007年知道此書有一新翻譯版本）

我對於此翻譯，也有兩意見：「心靈中音樂的力量」似乎應該改成「音樂對於心靈的力量」。
更有（教育）意思的是將莎士比亞原文和朱生豪的翻譯拿來讀讀（其評論非本文主旨）。

LORENZO
Sweet soul, let's in, and there expect their coming.
親愛的，我們進去，等著他們回來吧。
And yet no matter: why should we go in?
不，還是不用進去。
My friend Stephano, signify, I pray you,
Within the house, your mistress is at hand;
我的朋友斯丹法諾，請你進去通知家裏的人，你們的女主人就要來啦，
And bring your music forth into the air.
叫他們準備好樂器到門外來迎接。
Exit Stephano（斯丹法諾下）
How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank!
月光多麼恬靜地睡在山坡上！
Here will we sit and let the sounds of music
我們就在這兒坐下來，
Creep in our ears: soft stillness and the night
讓音樂的聲音悄悄送進我們的耳邊；
Become the touches of sweet harmony.
柔和的靜寂和夜色，是最足以襯托出音樂的甜美的。
Sit, Jessica. Look how the floor of heaven坐下來，潔西嘉。
Is thick inlaid with patines of bright gold:
瞧，天宇中嵌滿了多少燦爛的金鈸；

There's not the smallest orb which thou behold'st
你所看見的每一顆微小的天體，
But in his motion like an angel sings,
在轉動的時候都會發出天使般的歌聲，
Still quiring to the young-eyed cherubins;
永遠應和著嫩眼的天嬰的妙唱。
Such harmony is in immortal souls;
在永生的靈魂裏也有這一種音樂，
But whilst this muddy vesture of decay
可是當它套上這一具泥土製成的俗惡易朽的皮囊以後，
Doth grossly close it in, we cannot hear it.
我們便再也聽不見了。
Enter Musicians

Shakespeare Quartos Archive

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中文網站：朝陽科技大學波錠紀念圖書館

(簡體)莎士比亞全集中文版 - 提供莎士比亞全集中文版在線閱讀，包括《奧瑟羅》、《羅密歐與朱麗葉》、《李爾王》等作品。

莎士比亞 - 戲劇藝術的典範 - 介紹莎士比亞的生平及戲劇創作。

英文網站：資料來源-(Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia)
Shakespeare: The Collected Works of the Bard
Web site provides 'The Collected Works of William Shakespeare,' which includes a chronology of the plays, resources on the Internet, and texts. From Dr. Doug L. Hoffman, computer scientist.

Mr. William Shakespeare and the Internet
Web index and resource pages on the works of William Shakespeare include biography, criticism, theater history, and more. From Terry Gray, academic technology supervisor at Palmar College, an online school.

The Shakespeare Web
The Shakespeare Web is a site that offers limited reviews of productions of plays, several games, news, and products for sale. Site managed by an enthusiast.

OpenUW: A series of free courses presented by UW Educational Outreach
Free online noncredit course on Shakespeare's comedies, offered by the University of Washington Educational Outreach. Requires free subscription; minimal age--13 years.

Ken Larson - Shakespeare between Aufklarung and Sturm und Drang
An essay, delivered at the 1987 Modern Language Association conference, analyzing the reception and influence of Shakespeare in Germany during the era of Sturm und Drang. By Ken Larson, professor of German at Wells College, Aurora, NY.

The Cleveland Press Shakespeare Photographs
More than 400 digitized photographs of Shakespeare productions on stage (including theater, opera, and ballet) and screen. Searchable by keyword and browsable by play title or genre. From Cleveland State University Library.

Romeo & Juliet
Online study guide for Shakespeare's 'Romeo and Juliet,' provided by Prof. Paul Brians of Washington State Univ. as part of his world literature course materials.

William Shakespeare
Biographical essay on William Shakespeare, with extensive bibliography. From Authors' Calendar section of Pegasos--a world literature resource maintained by Finnish librarian Petri Liukkonen.

Shakespeare's Sonnets (1609)
Exemplary presentation of the 1609 Quarto of the sonnets, with scholarly preface and discussion of textual issues and contemporary reception. Bibliography; battery of analytical tools. From the Renaissance Electronic Texts series.

Sources and Analogues for Julius Caesar
Classical biographical sources (Plutarch and Cicero) for Julius Caesar, with Alexander's 'Tragedy of Julius Caesar' (1637). Provided by Tufts University's Perseus Project.

William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar
Text in three editions: a facsimile of the First Folio, a variorum edition with commentary, and text with modern punctuation and spelling. With an array of critical resources, including a stage history. Provided by Tufts University's Perseus Project.

Shakespeare Oxford Society Home Page
Home page of the Shakespeare Oxford Society, formed to advance the claim that Edward de Vere, Earl of Oxford was the true author of the plays ascribed to Shakespeare. Chronology; current news; links to its newsletter and journal.

The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust
Web site of the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust offers biographical and historical information on the bard, as well as trust-related information and news.

Public Record Office / DocumentsOnline
Britain's national archives' Web site provides scanned images of William Shakesreare's final will and testament (in PDF format, requires Acrobat Reader).

Shakespeare in quarto: view the British Library's digital copies online
Views, texts, and comparison tables for all of the British Library's 93 copies of the plays by Shakespeare printed in quarto. Also included is background information on Shakespeare, his works, the printing of his plays, and the theater world of his time.

First Folio of Shakespeare
Searchable electronic edition of the 1623 First Folio in the Folger Shakespeare Library. Provided by the Oxford Text Archive. With a detailed user manual and sample searches.

The Complete Works of William Shakespeare
Provides full text of the complete works of Shakespeare, on a site created by Jeremy Hilton, a computer engineer. Site operated by 'The Tech' magazine at M.I.T.

Shakespeare Illustrated
Shakespeare Illustrated contains copies of 19th-century paintings based on Shakespeare's plays, as well as a biography of works cited. Created by Harry Rusche, professor at Emory Univ., Ga.

The Folger Shakespeare Library
A most informative site for students and scholars, offering data about the library, its history, scholarly research, exhibitions, theater productions, and educational programs. Also includes information about the Folger Institute.

Shakespeare Study Guides - SparkNotes
Well-structured study guide to Shakespeare's plays and sonnets (context, summary, characters, study questions, review quiz, and further reading), written primarily by Harvard students. Maintained by Barnes and Noble booksellers.

Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning
Resources for Shakespeare studies from leading academics in the field. Part of the Fathom archive of online learning resources, provided by Columbia University. Includes lectures, articles, interviews, exhibits, and free seminars.

The National Archives / Exhibitions & Learning Online / Exhibitions & Treasures / Shakespeare's Will
Enlargeable photostat of William Shakespeare's will, with a transcript and background information. Provided by the U.K.'s National Archives.

Internet Shakespeare Editions: Home Page
Initiates a series of wholly new scholarly editions designed specifically for Internet use. Enhancements will include multimedia performance histories and a range of critical materials. Some Folio and quarto texts currently available.

Interactive Shakespeare Project - Measure for Measure
Collection of materials for the study or performance of 'Measure for Measure,' with study exercises, video and audio clips, critical essays, and links to other resources. Project director is Prof. Edward Isser, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Mass.

The Upstart Crow: A Shakespeare Journal
Journal home page presents a brief history of the publication and the contents of all of its issues through 1997 as well as submission and subscription information.


Selected Poetry of William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
Generous selection of sonnets and of songs from the plays; 'The Phoenix and the Turtle' (1601); excerpts from 'Venus and Adonis' (1593). Annotations. From the online anthology 'Representative Poetry' (University of Toronto 1912-present).

Shakespeare Resources Summary Page
From the Univ. of Virginia's Electronic Texts Center, rich textual and bibliographical sources for the study of Shakespeare. Access to complete article base of 'Studies in Bibliography' (vols. 1-50); some other resources are proprietary.


牛津创建莎翁珍本网上“书库”

	新项目将让学者可以无需亲到图书馆就可以一睹珍本

一 提起莎士比亚这位英国文坛泰斗，你马上会想起《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）以及《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）等经典话剧。尽管莎翁辞世已近四个世纪，可是他的作品仍被视为人类文学中的不朽瑰宝。而今，莎剧的生命力在21世纪的科学推动之下得到了一 种新的延续，这是因为400年前的莎翁话剧脚本‘上网’了！

莎士比亚的剧作的刊行版本中，最古老而且被认为最有价值的被分为两类。‘Folios’（对开本）是指印刷和包装比较讲究的大本，而‘Quartos’（四开本）是指那些页面比较小，而且印刷质量通常没有那么好的单本。

在16和17世纪的英国，话剧脚本不像现在一样受重视，被人们看作不入流的文学，所以莎士比亚所创作的38 出话剧里，最初被印刷出来的只有18 出，而且都是四开本，后来才刊行了不同版本的对开本。

各有分别

莎翁剧作的刊行本不仅数量极少，而且每每有误，以致于同样一出话剧，每一个不同的版本在语言上有很大出入。

	牛津大学的博德联图书馆收藏了不少珍贵的古本书籍

绝大部分莎翁的手稿已经失传。一些学者推断，四开本这些小册子可能属于所谓的‘盗版’，而莎士比亚本人也好像并不在乎。另一种理论认为，这些剧本是由当时的一些莎剧演员从记忆中背诵出来的，所以刊印出来后就不一样。

无论如何，现在硕果仅存的四开本就成为了莎翁剧作存世的材料之中历史最为古老的部分之一，深受学者注重，也是研究人员所重视的校对根据。

珍藏版本

牛津大学的博德联图书馆（Bodleian Library）珍藏了仅存的75本1641年前刊行的莎剧四开本中的55本，另外一大部分则收藏在美国华盛顿的福尔杰莎士比亚图书馆（Folger Shakespeare Library）。

珍贵版本分散大西洋两岸，对于学者、研究人员来说，极为不便。现在两家图书馆联手，创建一个互联网上的莎剧四开本书库，免费让读者查阅。

这个大型计划在2008年4月开始，为期一年。

读者首先可以查阅的是存世的所有32本莎士比亚著名悲剧《哈姆雷特》的四开本。

整个计划完成时，所有的75本存世莎剧四开本都可以让读者自由查阅。

这个项目称为“莎士比亚四开本书库”（Shakespeare Quartos Archive），其网站将为读者提供高解像度的图像，协助读者了解所有的莎剧四开本的实况。

读者甚至还可以做网上互动，比如并将不同的版本挪在一起作比较，或者加上个人注解。这将给专门研究莎士比亚和戏剧表演的学者们带来很大方便。

英国的联合信息系统委员会（The Joint Information Systems Committee） 为这个工程出资六万英镑，而美国方面的资金则来自国家人类基金 (The National Endowment For The Humanities) 。

参 加这个项目的单位还包括了大英图书馆（British Museum）、爱丁堡大学图书馆（Edinburgh University Library）、苏格兰国立图书馆（The National Library of Scotland）、伯明翰大学（University of Birmingham）的莎士比亚研究所（Shakespeare Institute），还有美国马里兰州人类科技 研究所（Maryland Institute for Technology in the Humanities）。